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Complex data are often represented as a graph, which in turn can often be viewed as a realisation of a random graph, such as an inhomogeneous random graph model (IRG). For general fast goodness-of-fit tests in high dimensions, kernelised…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-02 Anum Fatima , Gesine Reinert

Synthetic data generation has become a key ingredient for training machine learning procedures, addressing tasks such as data augmentation, analysing privacy-sensitive data, or visualising representative samples. Assessing the quality of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-02 Wenkai Xu , Gesine Reinert

Kernel methods underpin many of the most successful approaches in data science and statistics, and they allow representing probability measures as elements of a reproducing kernel Hilbert space without loss of information. Recently, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-19 Florian Kalinke , Zoltan Szabo , Bharath K. Sriperumbudur

Kernel Stein discrepancy (KSD) is a widely used kernel-based measure of discrepancy between probability measures. It is often employed in the scenario where a user has a collection of samples from a candidate probability measure and wishes…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-13 George Wynne , Mikołaj Kasprzak , Andrew B. Duncan

Kernelized Stein discrepancy (KSD) is a score-based discrepancy widely used in goodness-of-fit tests. It can be applied even when the target distribution has an unknown normalising factor, such as in Bayesian analysis. We show theoretically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-06 Xing Liu , Andrew B. Duncan , Axel Gandy

Non-parametric goodness-of-fit testing procedures based on kernel Stein discrepancies (KSD) are promising approaches to validate general unnormalised distributions in various scenarios. Existing works focused on studying kernel choices to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-02 Wenkai Xu

Kernelized Stein discrepancy (KSD), though being extensively used in goodness-of-fit tests and model learning, suffers from the curse-of-dimensionality. We address this issue by proposing the sliced Stein discrepancy and its scalable and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Wenbo Gong , Yingzhen Li , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

We propose a goodness-of-fit measure for probability densities modeling observations with varying dimensionality, such as text documents of differing lengths or variable-length sequences. The proposed measure is an instance of the kernel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-14 Jerome Baum , Heishiro Kanagawa , Arthur Gretton

The performance of adaptive estimators that employ embedding in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) depends on the choice of the location of basis kernel centers. Parameter convergence and error approximation rates depend on where and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-08 Sai Tej Paruchuri , Jia Guo , Andrew Kurdila

We propose and analyse a novel nonparametric goodness of fit testing procedure for exchangeable exponential random graph models (ERGMs) when a single network realisation is observed. The test determines how likely it is that the observation…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-02 Wenkai Xu , Gesine Reinert

A central challenge in Bayesian inference is efficiently approximating posterior distributions. Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) is a popular variational inference method which transports a set of particles to approximate a target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-05 Moritz Melcher , Simon Weissmann , Ashia C. Wilson , Jakob Zech

We present several generative and predictive algorithms based on the RKHS (reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces) methodology, which, most importantly, are scale up efficiently with large datasets or high-dimensional data. It is well recognized…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-12 Philippe G. LeFloch , Jean-Marc Mercier , Shohruh Miryusupov

Stein variational gradient descent (SVGD) and its variants have shown promising successes in approximate inference for complex distributions. In practice, we notice that the kernel used in SVGD-based methods has a decisive effect on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Qingzhong Ai , Shiyu Liu , Lirong He , Zenglin Xu

This paper addresses the covariate shift problem in the context of nonparametric regression within reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs). Covariate shift arises in supervised learning when the input distributions of the training and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-21 Andrea Della Vecchia , Arnaud Mavakala Watusadisi , Ernesto De Vito , Lorenzo Rosasco

We propose new reproducing kernel-based tests for model checking in conditional moment restriction models. By regressing estimated residuals on kernel functions via kernel ridge regression (KRR), we obtain a coefficient function in a…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-05-05 Yuhao Li

Much of machine learning relies on comparing distributions with discrepancy measures. Stein's method creates discrepancy measures between two distributions that require only the unnormalized density of one and samples from the other. Stein…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-21 Raghav Singhal , Xintian Han , Saad Lahlou , Rajesh Ranganath

We investigate properties of goodness-of-fit tests based on the Kernel Stein Discrepancy (KSD). We introduce a strategy to construct a test, called KSDAgg, which aggregates multiple tests with different kernels. KSDAgg avoids splitting the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-22 Antonin Schrab , Benjamin Guedj , Arthur Gretton

For a certain scaling of the initialization of stochastic gradient descent (SGD), wide neural networks (NN) have been shown to be well approximated by reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) methods. Recent empirical work showed that, for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-12 Behrooz Ghorbani , Song Mei , Theodor Misiakiewicz , Andrea Montanari

We propose a kernel-based nonparametric test of relative goodness of fit, where the goal is to compare two models, both of which may have unobserved latent variables, such that the marginal distribution of the observed variables is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-10 Heishiro Kanagawa , Wittawat Jitkrittum , Lester Mackey , Kenji Fukumizu , Arthur Gretton

Kernel Stein discrepancy (KSD) is among the most popular goodness-of-fit (GoF) measures on general domains with a large number of successful deployments. One of the main applications of KSD is in constructing powerful GoF tests. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Florian Kalinke , Zoltán Szabó , Bharath K. Sriperumbudur
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