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Light detection and ranging systems reconstruct scene depth from time-of-flight measurements. For low light-level depth imaging applications, such as remote sensing and robot vision, these systems use single-photon detectors that resolve…

Applications · Statistics 2015-10-28 Dongeek Shin , Jeffrey H. Shapiro , Vivek K Goyal

Single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are starting to play a pivotal role in the development of photon-efficient, long-range LiDAR systems. However, due to non-linearities in their image formation model, a high photon flux (e.g., due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Anant Gupta , Atul Ingle , Andreas Velten , Mohit Gupta

Single-photon avalanche detectors (SPADs) have enabled various applications in emerging photonic quantum information technologies in recent years. However, despite many efforts to improve SPAD's performance, the design of SPADs remained…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 Boyang Zhang , Zhe Li , Zhongju Wang , Yang Yu , Hark Hoe Tan , Chennupati Jagadish , Daoyi Dong , Lan Fu

Single-photon detectors are a pivotal component in photonic quantum technologies. A precise and comprehensive calibration of the intrinsic detection efficiency is of utmost importance to ensure the proper evaluation of the performance in…

3D Time-of-Flight (ToF) image sensors are used widely in applications such as self-driving cars, Augmented Reality (AR) and robotics. When implemented with Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs), compact, array format sensors can be made…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-22 Germán Mora Martín , Stirling Scholes , Alice Ruget , Robert K. Henderson , Jonathan Leach , Istvan Gyongy

A near-infrared (NIR) enhanced silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) fabricated in a customized 0.13 $\mu$m CMOS technology is presented. The SPAD has a depleted absorption volume of approximately 15 $\mu$m x 15 $\mu$m x 18 $\mu$m.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-05-13 Edward Van Sieleghem , Andreas Süss , Pierre Boulenc , Jiwon Lee , Gauri Karve , Koen De Munck , Celso Cavaco , Chris Van Hoof

We give an analytic treatment of the time resolution and efficiency of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). We provide closed-form expressions for structures with uniform electric fields and efficient…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-05-05 Werner Riegler , Philipp Windischhofer

The ability to detect single photons has led to the advancement of numerous research fields. Although various types of single-photon detector have been developed, because of two main factors - that is, (1) the need for operating at…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-09-18 Neil Na , Yen-Cheng Lu , Yu-Hsuan Liu , Po-Wei Chen , Ying-Chen Lai , You-Ru Lin , Chung-Chih Lin , Tim Shia , Chih-Hao Cheng , Shu-Lu Chen

Traditional cameras face a trade-off between low-light performance and high-speed imaging: longer exposure times to capture sufficient light results in motion blur, whereas shorter exposures result in Poisson-corrupted noisy images. While…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Manasi Muglikar , Siddharth Somasundaram , Akshat Dave , Edoardo Charbon , Ramesh Raskar , Davide Scaramuzza

InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are widely used in practical applications requiring near-infrared photon counting such as quantum key distribution (QKD). Photon detection efficiency and dark count rate are the intrinsic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-14 Jian Ma , Bing Bai , Liu-Jun Wang , Cun-Zhu Tong , Ge Jin , Jun Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

We investigate the feasibility and performance of photon-number-resolved photodetection employing single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) with low dark counts. While the main idea, to split $n$ photons into $m$ detection modes with no…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-05-28 Rajveer Nehra , Chun-Hung Chang , Qianhuan Yu , Andreas Beling , Olivier Pfister

In this work we investigate operation in the Geiger mode of the new single photon avalanche photo diode (SPAD) SAP500 manufactured by Laser Components. This SPAD is sensitive in the range 400-1000nm and has a conventional reach-through…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-03-14 M. Stipcevic , H. Skenderovic , D. Gracin

Single-photon detectors (SPDs) are the most sensitive instruments for light detection. In the near-infrared range, SPDs based on III-V compound semiconductor avalanche photodiodes have been extensively used during the past two decades for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Jun Zhang , Mark A. Itzler , Hugo Zbinden , Jian-Wei Pan

Silicon single-photon detectors (Si SPDs) play a crucial role in detecting single photons in the visible spectrum. For various applications, photon detection efficiency (PDE) is the most critical characteristic for effectively collecting…

We characterize a new commercial, back-illuminated reach-through silicon single-photon avalanche photo diode (SPAD) SAP500 (Laser Components. Inc.), operated in Geiger-mode for purpose of photon counting. We show that for this sensor a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2013-11-12 Mario Stipčević , Daqing Wang , Rupert Ursin

Achieving fast, sensitive, and parallel measurement of a large number of quantum particles is an essential task in building large-scale quantum platforms for different quantum information processing applications such as sensing,…

The ability to know what is hidden around a corner or behind a wall provides a crucial advantage when physically going around the obstacle is impossible or dangerous. Previous solutions to this challenge were constrained e.g. by their…

We present a novel approach to implement compressive sensing in laser scanning microscopes (LSM), specifically in image scanning microscopy (ISM), using a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array detector. Our method addresses two…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-20 Ajay Gunalan , Marco Castello , Simonluca Piazza , Shunlei Li , Alberto Diaspro , Leonardo S. Mattos , Paolo Bianchini

In order to build a new concept of photomultiplier based on silicon technology, design and characterization of 5x5 arrays of a new generation of single photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) manufactured by ST-Microelectronics have been performed.…

Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) represent a cutting-edge imaging technology, capable of detecting individual photons with remarkable timing precision. Building on this sensitivity, Single Photon Cameras (SPCs) enable image capture at…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-10 Sumit Sharma , Gopi Raju Matta , Kaushik Mitra