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A new approach to normal operators in real Hilbert spaces is discussed, and a spectral representation is obtained, derived directly from the complex case. The results are then applied to quaternionic normal operators, regarded as a special…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-28 Florian-Horia Vasilescu

This paper studies the diameter of the numerical range of bounded operators on Hilbert space and the induced seminorm, called the numerical diameter, on bounded linear maps between operator systems which is sensible in the case of unital…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-03 Niel de Beaudrap , Christopher Ramsey

In this note we introduce the concept of the numerical range of a bounded linear operator with respect to a family of projections. We give a precise definition and elaborate on its connection to the classical numerical range as well as to…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-08 W. Dada , N. Erkurşun , J. Kerner

This paper investigates new properties of $q$-numerical ranges for compact normal operators and establishes refined upper bounds for the $q$-numerical radius of Hilbert space operators. We first prove that for a compact normal operator $T$…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-17 Mohammad H. M. Rashid

The possibility of formulating quantum mechanics over quaternionic Hilbert spaces can be traced back to von Neumann's foundational works in the thirties. The absence of a suitable quaternionic version of spectrum prevented the full…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-10-20 Riccardo Ghiloni , Valter Moretti , Alessandro Perotti

We present a novel technical method for analyzing the hidden convex structure embedded in the joint range of a quadratic mapping defined on a Hilbert space. Our approach stands out by relying exclusively on elementary mathematical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Huu-Quang Nguyen

We analyze the joint numerical range $W$ of three hermitian matrices of order four. In the generic case, this three-dimensional convex set has a smooth boundary. We analyze non-generic structures. Fifteen possible classes regarding the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Piotr Pikul , Ilya Spitkovsky , Konrad Szymański , Stephan Weis , Karol Życzkowski

Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a right quaternionic Hilbert space and let $T$ be a quaternionic normal operator with the domain $\mathcal{D}(T) \subset \mathcal{H}$. Then for a fixed unit imaginary quaternion $m$, there exists a Hilbert basis…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-03 G. Ramesh , P. Santhosh Kumar

For a bounded function $f$ from the unit sphere of a closed subspace $X$ of a Banach space $Y$, we study when the closed convex hull of its spatial numerical range $W(f)$ is equal to its intrinsic numerical range $V(f)$. We show that for…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Miguel Martin , Javier Meri , Rafael Paya

We extend the proof in [M.~Crouzeix and C.~Palencia, {\em The numerical range is a $(1 + \sqrt{2})$-spectral set}, SIAM Jour.~Matrix Anal.~Appl., 38 (2017), pp.~649-655] to show that other regions in the complex plane are $K$-spectral sets.…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-04 Michel Crouzeix , Anne Greenbaum

We generalize Lyapunov's convexity theorem for classical (scalar-valued) measures to quantum (operator-valued) measures. In particular, we show that the range of a nonatomic quantum probability measure is a weak*-closed convex set of…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-09-12 Sarah Plosker , Christopher Ramsey

Results on matrix canonical forms are used to give a complete description of the higher rank numerical range of matrices arising from the study of quantum error correction. It is shown that the set can be obtained as the intersection of…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2011-02-10 Chi-Kwong Li , Nung-Sing Sze

Generalizing the notion of numerical range and numerical radius of an operator on a Banach space, we introduce the notion of joint numerical range and joint numerical radius of tuple of operators on a Banach space. We study the convexity of…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-14 Arpita Mal

We describe here the higher rank numerical range, as defined by Choi, Kribs and Zyczkowski, of a normal operator on an infinite dimensional Hilbert space in terms of its spectral measure. This generalizes a result of Avendano for…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-02-09 Pankaj Dey , Mithun Mukherjee

A formulation of quaternionic quantum mechanics ($\mathbb{H}$QM) is presented in terms of a real Hilbert space. Using a physically motivated scalar product, we prove the spectral theorem and obtain a novel quaternionic Fourier series. After…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-12 Sergio Giardino

We completely characterize the Crawford number attainment set and the numerical radius attainment set of a bounded linear operator on a Hilbert space. We study the intersection properties of the corresponding attainment sets of numerical…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-01-28 Debmalya Sain , Arpita Mal , Pintu Bhunia , Kallol Paul

We study spectral constants for convex domains $\Omega$ containing the spectrum of an operator. We extend the Crouzeix--Palencia framework by obtaining bounds depending on a parameter $\gamma$ and relating these bounds to geometric…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Ryan O'Loughlin , Jyoti Rani

Suppose that c is a linear operator acting on an n-dimensional complex Hilbert Space H, and let tau denote the normalized trace on B(H). Set b_1 = (c+c*)/2 and b_2 = (c-c*)/2i, and write B for the the spectral scale of {b_1, b_2} with…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Charles A. Akemann , Joel Anderson

We define the (convex) joint numerical range for an infinite family of compact operators in a Hilbert space H. We use this set to determine whether a self-adjoint compact operator A with {||A||, -||A||} in its spectrum is minimal respect to…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-03-08 Tamara Bottazzi , Alejandro Varela

In this paper we completely characterize the norm attainment set of a bounded linear operator on a Hilbert space. This partially answers a question raised recently in [\textit{D. Sain, On the norm attainment set of a bounded linear…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-03-20 Debmalya Sain