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Representational similarity analysis (RSA) is a multivariate technique to investigate cortical representations of objects or constructs. While avoiding ill-posed matrix inversions that plague multivariate approaches in the presence of many…
Regular blood pressure (BP) monitoring in clinical and ambulatory settings plays a crucial role in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the widespread adoption of ambulatory BP…
The pulsations of X-ray pulsars carry information about the accretion and magnetic field geometry. Here we present a study and classification of energy resolved pulse profiles of a sample of X-ray pulsars, focusing on high-mass X-ray…
In this paper, we introduce the latent racial bias, a metric and method to evaluate the racial bias within specific events. For the purpose of this paper we explore the British Home Office dataset of stop-and-search incidents. We explore…
Recent work has found evidence for a difference in the bias and dark matter halo masses of WISE-selected obscured and unobscured quasars, implying a distinction between these populations beyond random line-of-sight effects. However, the…
We report on the results of a 50ks BeppoSAX observation of 1RXS J170849-400910, one of the five (plus a candidate) known anomalous X-ray pulsars. The BeppoSAX data are consistent with a power-law plus blackbody spectral decomposition,…
Context. Algorithmic racism is the term used to describe the behavior of technological solutions that constrains users based on their ethnicity. Lately, various data-driven software systems have been reported to discriminate against Black…
Objective: To examine the moderation effects of hormonal factors on the associations between vascular risk factors and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in men and women, separately. Methods: WMH were automatically segmented and…
Confounding and exposure measurement error can introduce bias when drawing inference about the marginal effect of an exposure on an outcome of interest. While there are broad methodologies for addressing each source of bias individually,…
Sample complexity of bias estimation is a lower bound on the runtime of any bias detection method. Many regulatory frameworks require the bias to be tested for all subgroups, whose number grows exponentially with the number of protected…
The estimation of the signal location and intensity of a peak in a pulse height spectrum is important for x-ray and $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy, charged-particle spectrometry, liquid chromatography, and many other subfields. However, both the…
Personal devices are omnipresent in our lives, seamlessly monitoring our activities, from smart rings tracking sleep patterns to smartwatches keeping an eye on missed heartbeats. The rich data streams from such devices fuel advanced…
Extreme accretion in X-ray pulsars (XRPs) results in radiation-driven outflows launched from the inner parts of the accretion disc. The outflows affect the apparent luminosity of the XRPs and their pulsations through the geometrical…
Colleges and universities are increasingly turning to algorithms that predict college-student success to inform various decisions, including those related to admissions, budgeting, and student-success interventions. Because predictive…
Radar-based respiratory measurement is a promising tool for the noncontact detection of sleep apnea. Our team has reported that apnea events can be accurately detected using the statistical characteristics of the amplitude of respiratory…
Recently, concerns regarding potential biases in the underlying algorithms of many automated systems (including biometrics) have been raised. In this context, a biased algorithm produces statistically different outcomes for different groups…
Today's diagnostics include devices such as pulse oximeters, blood pressure monitors, and temperature measurements. These devices provide vital information to medical personnel when making treatment decisions. Drawing inspiration from the…
In addition to coherent pulsation, many accreting neutron stars exhibit flaring activity and strong aperiodic variability on time scales similar to or shorter than their pulsation period. Such a behavior shows that the accretion flow in the…
Color Doppler echocardiography enables visualization of blood flow within the heart. However, the limited frame rate impedes the quantitative assessment of blood velocity throughout the cardiac cycle, thereby compromising a comprehensive…
Multivariate meta-analysis (MMA) is a powerful tool for jointly estimating multiple outcomes' treatment effects. However, the validity of results from MMA is potentially compromised by outcome reporting bias (ORB), or the tendency for…