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False-positive results and bias may be common features of the biomedical literature today, including risk factor-chronic disease research. A study was undertaken to assess the reliability of base studies used in a meta-analysis examining…
IXPE has enabled the X-ray polarizations of many blazars to be measured. We analyze X-ray spectropolarimetric data for all high synchrotron peaked blazars observations published by the IXPE team. We find that there are no statistically…
Defect detection by ultrasonic method is limited by the pulse width. Resolution can be improved through a deconvolution process with a priori information of the pulse or by its estimation. In this paper a regularization of the Wiener filter…
We summarize indirect empirical arguments used for estimating black hole (BH) masses in ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). The interpretation of the X-ray data is still too model-dependent to provide tight constraints, but masses <~ 100…
Background and purpose: Recent observations in animal models show that ultra-high dose rate ("FLASH") radiation treatment significantly reduces normal tissue toxicity maintaining an equivalent tumor control. The dependence of this "FLASH"…
Matching is a widely used causal inference design that aims to approximate a randomized experiment using observational data by forming matched sets of treated and control units based on similarities in their covariates. Ideally, treated…
In this paper we present an error analysis for polarimetric data obtained with dual-beam instruments. After recalling the basic concepts, we introduce the analytical expressions for the uncertainties of polarization degree and angle. These…
Optical speckle patterns have been widely used for illumination in computational imaging, optical sectioning microscopy, and super-resolution imaging. However, commonly used speckles satisfy Rayleigh statistics, which are not ideal for…
Assessing the fairness of a decision making system with respect to a protected class, such as gender or race, is challenging when class membership labels are unavailable. Probabilistic models for predicting the protected class based on…
Scientists often use a paired comparison of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves to decide which continuous cancer screening test has the best diagnostic accuracy. In the paired design, all participants are screened…
Objectives: This study aims to characterize the dose-performance relationship for opportunistic CT and disentangle the contributions of segmentation failure and dose-dependent HU bias to performance degradation. Methods: Simulated low-dose…
Accurately measuring discrimination is crucial to faithfully assessing fairness of trained machine learning (ML) models. Any bias in measuring discrimination leads to either amplification or underestimation of the existing disparity.…
To better constrain the emission mechanism underlying the hard state of galactic black hole candidates, we use high-time resolution RXTE lightcurves for Cyg X-1 and GX 399-4 to compute two higher order variability statistics for these…
Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nuclear compact objects with apparent luminosities above 10^39 erg/s, often exceeding the Eddington limit for stellar-mass black holes. Beaming is a commonly invoked mechanism to explain their…
Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are enigmatic sources first discovered in the 1980s in external galaxies. They are characterized by their extraordinarily high X-ray luminosity, which often exceeds $10^{40}\, \rm{erg \; s^{-1}}$. Our…
The morphology and velocity of the pulse wave in the arteries provide meaningful information about the cardiovascular system. Nowadays, the pulse wave is usually acquired using common blood pressure cuffs at the extremities. This work…
In studies of discrimination, researchers often seek to estimate a causal effect of race or gender on outcomes. For example, in the criminal justice context, one might ask whether arrested individuals would have been subsequently charged or…
Arrhythmia is an abnormality of the heart's rhythm, caused by problems in the conductive system and resulting in irregular heartbeats. There is increasing evidence that undertaking frequent endurance sports training elevates one's risk of…
With the advancement of technologies, market wearables are becoming increasingly popular with a range of services, including providing access to bank accounts, accessing cars, monitoring patients remotely, among several others. However,…
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is believed to contribute significantly to atrial fibrillation (AF) development in certain patients. Recent studies indicate a rising risk of AF with increasing OSA severity. However, the commonly used…