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Healthcare data in the United States often records only a patient's coarse race group: for example, both Indian and Chinese patients are typically coded as "Asian." It is unknown, however, whether this coarse coding conceals meaningful…
We explore possible systematic errors in the mass measurements of stellar mass black holes. We find that significant errors can arise from the assumption of zero or constant emission from the accretion flow, which is commonly used when…
Recent work shows unequal performance of commercial face classification services in the gender classification task across intersectional groups defined by skin type and gender. Accuracy on dark-skinned females is significantly worse than on…
In this work, we investigate whether state-of-the-art object detection systems have equitable predictive performance on pedestrians with different skin tones. This work is motivated by many recent examples of ML and vision systems…
Detecting testimonial injustice is an essential element of addressing inequities and promoting inclusive healthcare practices, many of which are life-critical. However, using a single demographic factor to detect testimonial injustice does…
[Abridged] We study the X-ray properties of a color-selected sample of clusters at 0.1<z<0.3, to quantify the real aboundance of the population of X-ray dark or underluminous clusters and at the same time the spurious detection…
It has previously been argued that 1. spicules do not provide enough pre-heated plasma to fill the corona, and 2. even if they did, additional heating would be required to keep the plasma hot as it expands upward. We here address the…
Relativistic reflection features in the X-ray spectra of accreting black holes are considered to be generated by the illumination of the accretion disk by the hot corona. In this work, we present a numerical method for the emission line…
In this work we use a sample of 318 radio-quiet quasars (RQQ) to investigate the dependence of the ratio of optical/UV flux to X-ray flux, alpha_ox, and the X-ray photon index, Gamma_X, on black hole mass, UV luminosity relative to…
We present MSX two-color diagrams that can be used to characterize circumstellar environments of sources with good quality MSX colors in terms of IRAS color regions for oxygen-rich stars. With these diagrams we aim to provide a new tool…
Despite the evolution of norms and regulations to mitigate the harm from biases, harmful discrimination linked to an individual's unconscious biases persists. Our goal is to better understand and detect the physiological and behavioral…
In computer vision there has been significant research interest in assessing potential demographic bias in deep learning models. One of the main causes of such bias is imbalance in the training data. In medical imaging, where the potential…
Recent news articles have accused face recognition of being "biased", "sexist" or "racist". There is consensus in the research literature that face recognition accuracy is lower for females, who often have both a higher false match rate and…
The increasing impact of algorithmic decisions on people's lives compels us to scrutinize their fairness and, in particular, the disparate impacts that ostensibly-color-blind algorithms can have on different groups. Examples include credit…
The Bayes factor is the gold-standard figure of merit for comparing fits of models to data, for hypothesis selection and parameter estimation. However it is little used because it is computationally very intensive. Here it is shown how…
The use of coarse demographic adjustments in clinical equations has been increasingly scrutinized. In particular, adjustments for race have sparked significant debate with several medical professional societies recommending race-neutral…
Accurately measuring discrimination is crucial to faithfully assessing fairness of trained machine learning (ML) models. Any bias in measuring discrimination leads to either amplification or underestimation of the existing disparity.…
The prospects for accomplishing x-ray polarization measurements of astronomical sources have grown in recent years, after a hiatus of more than 37 years. Unfortunately, accompanying this long hiatus has been some confusion over the…
A device based on Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography is developed to monitor blood glucose levels in human subjects. The device was initially tested with tissue phantom. The measurements with human subjects for various…
Measuring average differences in an outcome across racial or ethnic groups is a crucial first step for equity assessments, but researchers often lack access to data on individuals' races and ethnicities to calculate them. A common solution…