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An important statistical task in disease mapping problems is to identify divergent regions with unusually high or low risk of disease. Leave-one-out cross-validatory (LOOCV) model assessment is the gold standard for estimating predictive…

Applications · Statistics 2023-04-24 Longhai Li , Cindy X. Feng , Shi Qiu

We provide a comprehensive overview of latent Markov (LM) models for the analysis of longitudinal categorical data. The main assumption behind these models is that the response variables are conditionally independent given a latent process…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-03-16 F. Bartolucci , A. Farcomeni , F. Pennoni

As the main workhorse for model selection, Cross Validation (CV) has achieved an empirical success due to its simplicity and intuitiveness. However, despite its ubiquitous role, CV often falls into the following notorious dilemmas. On the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Weikai Li , Chuanxing Geng , Songcan Chen

Cross-Validation (CV) is the default choice for evaluating the performance of machine learning models. Despite its wide usage, their statistical benefits have remained half-understood, especially in challenging nonparametric regimes. In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-22 Garud Iyengar , Henry Lam , Tianyu Wang

Cross-validation is a popular non-parametric method for evaluating the accuracy of a predictive rule. The usefulness of cross-validation depends on the task we want to employ it for. In this note, I discuss a simple non-parametric setting,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-27 Stefan Wager

We study the problem of out-of-sample risk estimation in the high dimensional regime where both the sample size $n$ and number of features $p$ are large, and $n/p$ can be less than one. Extensive empirical evidence confirms the accuracy of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-05 Kamiar Rahnama Rad , Wenda Zhou , Arian Maleki

The out-of-sample error (OO) is the main quantity of interest in risk estimation and model selection. Leave-one-out cross validation (LO) offers a (nearly) distribution-free yet computationally demanding approach to estimate OO. Recent…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-27 Arnab Auddy , Haolin Zou , Kamiar Rahnama Rad , Arian Maleki

Often in machine learning, data are collected as a combination of multiple conditions, e.g., the voice recordings of multiple persons, each labeled with an ID. How could we build a model that captures the latent information related to these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-30 Zhenwen Dai , Mauricio A. Álvarez , Neil D. Lawrence

We consider predictive checking for Bayesian model assessment using leave-one-out probability integral transform (LOO-PIT). LOO-PIT values are conditional cumulative predictive probabilities given LOO predictive distributions and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-14 Herman Tesso , Aki Vehtari

We present a methodology for model evaluation and selection where the sampling mechanism violates the i.i.d. assumption. Our methodology involves a formulation of the bias between the standard Cross-Validation (CV) estimator and the mean…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-14 Oren Yuval , Saharon Rosset

In this article, we derive concentration inequalities for the cross-validation estimate of the generalization error for subagged estimators, both for classification and regressor. General loss functions and class of predictors with both…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-11-24 Matthieu CORNEC

Causal inference starts with a simple idea: compare groups that differ by treatment, not much else. Traditionally, similar groups are constructed using only observed covariates; however, it remains a long-standing challenge to incorporate…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-21 Ying Jin , José Zubizarreta

Linear modeling is ubiquitous, but performance can suffer when the model is misspecified. We have recently demonstrated that latent groupings in the levels of categorical predictors can complicate inference in a variety of fields including…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-11 Thomas A. Metzger , Christopher T. Franck

In many real-world applications, we are interested in approximating black-box, costly functions as accurately as possible with the smallest number of function evaluations. A complex computer code is an example of such a function. In this…

Computation · Statistics 2022-03-22 Hossein Mohammadi , Peter Challenor , Daniel Williamson , Marc Goodfellow

Latent Gaussian models and boosting are widely used techniques in statistics and machine learning. Tree-boosting shows excellent prediction accuracy on many data sets, but potential drawbacks are that it assumes conditional independence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Fabio Sigrist

We introduce a simple and scalable method for training Gaussian process (GP) models that exploits cross-validation and nearest neighbor truncation. To accommodate binary and multi-class classification we leverage P\`olya-Gamma auxiliary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-10 Martin Jankowiak , Geoff Pleiss

Estimating out-of-sample risk for models trained on large high-dimensional datasets is an expensive but essential part of the machine learning process, enabling practitioners to optimally tune hyperparameters. Cross-validation (CV) serves…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-28 Parth Nobel , Daniel LeJeune , Emmanuel J. Candès

Penalized logistic regression methods are frequently used to investigate the relationship between a binary outcome and a set of explanatory variables. The model performance can be assessed by measures such as the concordance statistic…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-20 Angelika Geroldinger , Lara Lusa , Mariana Nold , Georg Heinze

Cross-validation is one of the most popular model selection methods in statistics and machine learning. Despite its wide applicability, traditional cross validation methods tend to select overfitting models, due to the ignorance of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-25 Jing Lei

Latent Gaussian models (LGMs) are perhaps the most commonly used class of models in statistical applications. Nevertheless, in areas ranging from longitudinal studies in biostatistics to geostatistics, it is easy to find datasets that…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-22 Rafael Cabral , David Bolin , Håvard Rue