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This paper proposes a Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) filter for coexisting point and extended targets, i.e., for scenarios where there may be simultaneous point and extended targets. The PMBM filter provides a recursion to compute…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-19 Ángel F. García-Fernández , Jason L. Williams , Lennart Svensson , Yuxuan Xia

The probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter alleviates the computational expense of the optimal Bayesian multi-target filtering by approximating the intensity function of the random finite set (RFS) of targets in time. However, as a…

Applications · Statistics 2015-06-09 Meysam R. Danaee

The Poisson Multi-Bernoulli Mixture (PMBM) density is a conjugate multi-target density for the standard point target model with Poisson point process birth. This means that both the filtering and predicted densities for the set of targets…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-17 Karl Granström , Lennart Svensson , Yuxuan Xia , Jason Williams , Ángel F. García-Fernández

Most multi-target tracking filters assume that one target and its observation follow a Hidden Markov Chain (HMC) model, but the implicit independence assumption of HMC model is invalid in many practical applications, and a Pairwise Markov…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-30 Jiangyi Liu , Chunping Wang , Wei Wang

We study the problem of searching for and tracking a collection of moving targets using a robot with a limited Field-Of-View (FOV) sensor. The actual number of targets present in the environment is not known a priori. We propose a search…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Yoonchang Sung , Pratap Tokekar

The pair correlation function is introduced to target tracking filters that use a finite point process target model as a means to investigate interactions in the Bayes posterior target process. It is shown that the Bayes posterior target…

Applications · Statistics 2016-06-07 Ali Onder Bozdogan , Roy Streit , Murat Efe

The Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) and Cardinalized PHD (CPHD) filters are popular solutions to the multi-target tracking problem due to their low complexity and ability to estimate the number and states of targets in cluttered…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-14 Isabel Schlangen , Emmanuel D. Delande , Jeremie Houssineau , Daniel E. Clark

We propose a new framework that extends the standard Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter for multiple targets having $N\geq2$ different types based on Random Finite Set theory, taking into account not only background clutter, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Nathanael L. Baisa , Andrew Wallace

We propose a particle-based distributed PHD filter for tracking an unknown, time-varying number of targets. To reduce communication, the local PHD filters at neighboring sensors communicate Gaussian mixture (GM) parameters. In contrast to…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Tiancheng Li , Franz Hlawatsch

We present a modelling framework for multi-target tracking based on possibility theory and illustrate its ability to account for the general lack of knowledge that the target-tracking practitioner must deal with when working with real data.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-10 Jeremie Houssineau

We propose a novel online multi-object visual tracker using a Gaussian mixture Probability Hypothesis Density (GM-PHD) filter and deep appearance learning. The GM-PHD filter has a linear complexity with the number of objects and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Nathanael L. Baisa

Multi-target tracking (MTT) serves as a cornerstone technology in information fusion, yet faces significant challenges in robustness and efficiency when dealing with model uncertainties, clutter interference, and target interactions.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-21 Ming Lei , Shufan Wu

This paper presents a Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) filter for multi-target filtering based on sensor measurements that are sets of trajectories in the last two-time step window. The proposed filter, the trajectory measurement PMBM…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Marco Fontana , Ángel F. García-Fernández , Simon Maskell

Many multi-object estimation problems require additional estimation of model or sensor parameters that are either common to all objects or related to unknown characterisation of one or more sensors. Important examples of these include…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-16 Isabel Schlangen , Daniel E. Clark , Emmanuel D. Delande

This paper presents a new derivation of the variational Poisson multi-Bernoulli (V-PMB) filter for multi-target estimation proposed in [#Williams15]. The proposed derivation is based on considering an augmented space that includes the set…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-11 Ángel F. García-Fernández , Yuxuan Xia

In this work, a kernel-based Ensemble Gaussian Mixture Probability Hypothesis Density (EnGM-PHD) filter is presented for multi-target filtering applications. The EnGM-PHD filter combines the Gaussian-mixture-based techniques of the Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Dalton Durant , Renato Zanetti

We propose a novel particle filter for convolutional-correlation visual trackers. Our method uses correlation response maps to estimate likelihood distributions and employs these likelihoods as proposal densities to sample particles.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Reza Jalil Mozhdehi , Henry Medeiros

Projection Pursuit methodology permits to solve the difficult problem of finding an estimate of a density defined on a set of very large dimension. In his seminal article, Huber (see "Projection pursuit", Annals of Statistics, 1985)…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-08-18 Jacques Touboul

This document derives the CPHD filter for extended targets. Only the update step is derived here. Target generated measurements, false alarms and prior are all assumed to be independent identically distributed cluster processes. We also…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-11-16 Umut Orguner

Mahler's PHD (Probability Hypothesis Density) filter and its particle implementation (as called the particle PHD filter) have gained popularity to solve general MTT (Multi-target Tracking) problems. However, the resampling procedure used in…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Tiancheng Li , Tariq P. Sattar , Qing Han , Shudong Sun