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Related papers: One-Wayness in Quantum Cryptography

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In classical cryptography, one-way functions are widely considered to be the minimal computational assumption. However, when taking quantum information into account, the situation is more nuanced. There are currently two major candidates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Giulio Malavolta , Tomoyuki Morimae , Michael Walter , Takashi Yamakawa

While in classical cryptography, one-way functions (OWFs) are widely regarded as the "minimal assumption," the situation in quantum cryptography is less clear. Recent works have put forward two concurrent candidates for the minimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Amit Behera , Giulio Malavolta , Tomoyuki Morimae , Tamer Mour , Takashi Yamakawa

In the classical model of computation, it is well established that one-way functions (OWF) are minimal for computational cryptography: They are essential for almost any cryptographic application that cannot be realized with respect to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-28 Zvika Brakerski , Ran Canetti , Luowen Qian

One-way functions are central to classical cryptography. They are both necessary for the existence of non-trivial classical cryptosystems, and sufficient to realize meaningful primitives including commitments, pseudorandom generators and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-30 Dakshita Khurana , Kabir Tomer

In classical cryptography, one-way functions (OWFs) are the minimal assumption, while it is not the case in quantum cryptography. Several new primitives have been introduced such as pseudorandom state generators (PRSGs), one-way state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Taiga Hiroka , Tomoyuki Morimae

Regarding minimal assumptions, most of classical cryptography is known to depend on the existence of One-Way Functions (OWFs). However, recent evidence has shown that this is not the case when considering quantum resources. Besides the well…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-11 Manuel Goulão , David Elkouss

We show that there exists an oracle relative to which quantum commitments exist but no (efficiently verifiable) one-way state generators exist. Both have been widely considered candidates for replacing one-way functions as the minimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 John Bostanci , Boyang Chen , Barak Nehoran

One-way functions (OWF) are one of the most essential cryptographic primitives, the existence of which results in wide-ranging ramifications such as private-key encryption and proving $P \neq NP$. These OWFs are often thought of as having…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-22 Wei Zheng Teo , Marco Carmosino , Lior Horesh

There is a large body of work studying what forms of computational hardness are needed to realize classical cryptography. In particular, one-way functions and pseudorandom generators can be built from each other, and thus require equivalent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Bruno Cavalar , Eli Goldin , Matthew Gray , Peter Hall , Yanyi Liu , Angelos Pelecanos

While one-way functions (OWFs) serve as the minimal assumption for computational cryptography in the classical setting, in quantum cryptography, we have even weaker cryptographic assumptions such as pseudo-random states, and EFI pairs,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Alex B. Grilo , Álvaro Yángüez

One-way state generators (OWSG) are natural quantum analogs to classical one-way functions. We consider statistically-verifiable OWSGs (sv-OWSG), which are potentially weaker objects than OWSGs. We show that O(n/log(n))-copy sv-OWSGs (n…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Rishabh Batra , Rahul Jain

One-way functions (OWFs) form the foundation of modern cryptography, yet their unconditional existence remains a major open question. In this work, we study this question by exploring its relation to lossy reductions, i.e., reductions $R$…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Pouria Fallahpour , Alex B. Grilo , Garazi Muguruza , Mahshid Riahinia

One-way functions are fundamental to classical cryptography and their existence remains a longstanding problem in computational complexity theory. Recently, a provable quantum one-way function has been identified, which maintains its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Hua-Lei Yin

We give a meta-complexity characterization of EFI pairs, which are considered the "minimal" primitive in quantum cryptography (and are equivalent to quantum commitments). More precisely, we show that the existence of EFI pairs is equivalent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Bruno Cavalar , Boyang Chen , Andrea Coladangelo , Matthew Gray , Zihan Hu , Zhengfeng Ji , Xingjian Li

Indistinguishability obfuscation (iO) has emerged as a powerful cryptographic primitive with many implications. While classical iO, combined with the infinitely-often worst-case hardness of $\mathsf{NP}$, is known to imply one-way functions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Tomoyuki Morimae , Yuki Shirakawa , Takashi Yamakawa

Unpredictable functions (UPFs) play essential roles in classical cryptography, including message authentication codes (MACs) and digital signatures. In this paper, we introduce a quantum analog of UPFs, which we call unpredictable state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-27 Tomoyuki Morimae , Shogo Yamada , Takashi Yamakawa

In 2013, Farid and Vasiliev [arXiv:quant-ph/1310.4922] for the first time proposed a way to construct a protocol for the realisation of "{\em Classical to Quantum}" one-way hash function, a derivative of the Quantum one-way function as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-10 Amit Behera , Goutam Paul

In the classical world, the existence of commitments is equivalent to the existence of one-way functions. In the quantum setting, on the other hand, commitments are not known to imply one-way functions, but all known constructions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-16 Tomoyuki Morimae , Takashi Yamakawa

In the framework of Impagliazzo's five worlds, a distinction is often made between two worlds, one where public-key encryption exists (Cryptomania), and one in which only one-way functions exist (MiniCrypt). However, the boundaries between…

We study the output length of one-way state generators (OWSGs), their weaker variants, and EFIs. - Standard OWSGs. Recently, Cavalar et al. (arXiv:2312.08363) give OWSGs with $m$-qubit outputs for any $m=\omega(\log \lambda)$, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Minki Hhan , Tomoyuki Morimae , Takashi Yamakawa
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