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Related papers: One-Wayness in Quantum Cryptography

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Quantum cryptography is a rapidly-developing area which leverages quantum information to accomplish classically-impossible tasks. In many of these protocols, quantum states are used as long-term cryptographic keys. Typically, this is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Omri Shmueli , Mark Zhandry

Cryptographic group actions are a leading contender for post-quantum cryptography, and have also been used in the development of quantum cryptographic protocols. In this work, we explore quantum state group actions, which consist of a group…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-14 Saachi Mutreja , Mark Zhandry

Let $G_1$ be a cyclic multiplicative group of order $n$. It is known that the Diffie-Hellman problem is random self-reducible in $G_1$ with respect to a fixed generator $g$ if $\phi(n)$ is known. That is, given $g, g^x\in G_1$ and having…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Amitabh Saxena , Ben Soh

Methods of quantum mechanics promise information-theoretic security for various protocols in cryptography. However, impossibility of some cryptographic applications such as standard bit commitment, oblivious transfer, multiparty secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-03 Muhammad Nadeem

It is an important question to find constructions of quantum cryptographic protocols which rely on weaker computational assumptions than classical protocols. Recently, it has been shown that oblivious transfer and multi-party computation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Alex B. Grilo , Or Sattath , Quoc-Huy Vu

A central tenet of theoretical cryptography is the study of the minimal assumptions required to implement a given cryptographic primitive. One such primitive is the one-time memory (OTM), introduced by Goldwasser, Kalai, and Rothblum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 Anne Broadbent , Sevag Gharibian , Hong-Sheng Zhou

One of the fundamental conditions for one-way quantum computation (1WQC) is the ability to make sequential measurements on isolated qubits that comprise the highly entangled resource for 1WQC, the cluster state. This has been a significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Timothy P. Friesen , David L. Feder

We demonstrate quantum advantage with several basic assumptions, specifically based on only the existence of OWFs. We introduce inefficient-verifier proofs of quantumness (IV-PoQ), and construct it from classical bit commitments. IV-PoQ is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Tomoyuki Morimae , Takashi Yamakawa

Cryptographic hash functions are fundamental primitives widely used in practice. For such a function $f:\{0, 1\}^n\to\{0, 1\}^m$, it is nearly impossible for an adversary to produce the hash $f(x)$ without knowing the secret message…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-08 Cupjin Huang , Yaoyun Shi

In quantum cryptography, a one-way permutation is a bounded unitary operator $U:\mathcal{H} \to \mathcal{H}$ on a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ that is easy to compute on every input, but hard to invert given the image of a random input.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-05-01 Alexandre de Castro

A new quantum cryptography implementation is presented that combines one-way operation with an autocompensating feature that has hitherto only been available in implementations that require the signal to make a round trip between the users.…

One-time programs, computer programs which self-destruct after being run only once, are a powerful building block in cryptography and would allow for new forms of secure software distribution. However, ideal one-time programs have been…

One-way puzzles (OWPuzzs) introduced by Khurana and Tomer [STOC 2024] are a natural quantum analogue of one-way functions (OWFs), and one of the most fundamental primitives in ''Microcrypt'' where OWFs do not exist but quantum cryptography…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Tomoyuki Morimae , Yuki Shirakawa , Takashi Yamakawa

Quantum-mechanical devices have the potential to transform cryptography. Most research in this area has focused either on the information-theoretic advantages of quantum protocols or on the security of classical cryptographic schemes…

Quantum pseudorandomness has found applications in many areas of quantum information, ranging from entanglement theory, to models of scrambling phenomena in chaotic quantum systems, and, more recently, in the foundations of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 John Bostanci , Jonas Haferkamp , Dominik Hangleiter , Alexander Poremba

Computational security in cryptography has a risk that computational assumptions underlying the security are broken in the future. One solution is to construct information-theoretically-secure protocols, but many cryptographic primitives…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Taiga Hiroka , Tomoyuki Morimae , Ryo Nishimaki , Takashi Yamakawa

The Diffie-Hellman key exchange plays a crucial role in conventional cryptography, as it allows two legitimate users to establish a common, usually ephemeral, secret key. Its security relies on the discrete-logarithm problem, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-17 Georgios M. Nikolopoulos

We construct a classical oracle relative to which $\mathsf{P} = \mathsf{NP}$ but quantum-computable quantum-secure trapdoor one-way functions exist. This is a substantial strengthening of the result of Kretschmer, Qian, Sinha, and Tal (STOC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 William Kretschmer , Luowen Qian , Avishay Tal

We prove the first meta-complexity characterization of a quantum cryptographic primitive. We show that one-way puzzles exist if and only if there is some quantum samplable distribution of binary strings over which it is hard to approximate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bruno P. Cavalar , Eli Goldin , Matthew Gray , Peter Hall

Forty years ago, Wiesner pointed out that quantum mechanics raises the striking possibility of money that cannot be counterfeited according to the laws of physics. We propose the first quantum money scheme that is (1) public-key, meaning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-18 Scott Aaronson , Paul Christiano