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By comparing a function and its $(k, \frac{2}{n})-$Fourier transform to a Gaussian analogue, $e^{-na|x|^\frac{2}{n}}$, we establish a Hardy-type uncertainty principle using Phragm\'en-Lindl\"of lemma. Furthermore, we investigate the heat…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Hanen Jilani , Selma Negzaoui

Hardy's uncertainty principle is a classical result in harmonic analysis, stating that a function in $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$ and its Fourier transform cannot both decay arbitrarily fast at infinity. In this paper, we extend this principle to…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-04-03 Elena Cordero , Gianluca Giacchi , Eugenia Malinnikova

We give a real-variable proof of the Hardy uncertainty principle. The method is based on energy estimates for evolutions with positive viscosity, convexity properties of free waves with Gaussian decay at two different times, elliptic…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2010-05-11 M. Cowling , L. Escauriaza , C. E. Kenig , G. Ponce , L. Vega

We give a new proof of Hardy's uncertainty principle, up to the end-point case, which is only based on calculus. The method allows us to extend Hardy's uncertainty principle to Schr\"odinger equations with non-constant coefficients. We also…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-12-19 L. Escauriaza , C. E. Kenig , G. Ponce , L. Vega

We give a new proof of the $L^2$ version of Hardy's uncertainty principle based on calculus and on its dynamical version for the heat equation. The reasonings rely on new log-convexity properties and the derivation of optimal Gaussian decay…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-01-20 L. Escauriaza , C. E. Kenig , G. Ponce , L. Vega

We prove the logarithmic convexity of certain quantities, which measure the quadratic exponential decay at infinity and within two characteristic hyperplanes of solutions of Schr\"odinger evolutions. As a consequence we obtain some…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2008-02-13 L. Escauriaza , C. E. Kenig , G. Ponce , L. Vega

In this paper we give a discrete version of Hardy's uncertainty principle, by using complex variable arguments, as in the classical proof of Hardy's principle. Moreover, we give an interpretation of this principle in terms of decaying…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-06-02 Aingeru Fernández-Bertolin

We prove a sharp version of the Hardy uncertainty principle for Schr\"odinger equations with external bounded electromagnetic potentials, based on logarithmic convexity properties of Schr\"odinger evolutions. We provide, in addition, an…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-03-24 Biagio Cassano , Luca Fanelli

We consider Schr\"{o}dinger equations with real quadratic Hamiltonians, for which the Wigner distribution of the solution at a given time equals, up to a linear coordinate transformation, the Wigner distribution of the initial condition.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-11-04 Helge Knutsen

We prove a logarithmic convexity result for exponentially weighted $L^2$-norms of solutions to electromagnetic Schr\"odinger equation, without needing to assume smallness of the magnetic potential. As a consequence, we can prove a unique…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-03-24 Juan Antonio Barcelo , Luca Fanelli , Susana Gutierrez , Alberto Ruiz , Mari Cruz Vilela

In this paper we review the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in a discrete setting and, as in the classical uncertainty principle, we give it a dynamical sense related to the discrete Schr\"odinger equation. We study the convergence of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-11-04 Aingeru Fernández-Bertolin

We extend Hardy's uncertainty principle for a square integrable function and its Fourier transform to the multidimensional case using a symplectic diagonalization. We use this extension to show that Hardy's uncertainty principle is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-03-07 Maurice de Gosson , Franz Luef

In this paper the uncertainty principle is found via characteristics of continuous and nowhere differentiable functions. We prove that any physical system that has a continuous and nowhere differentiable position function is subject to an…

General Physics · Physics 2021-07-13 Faycal Ben Adda , Helene Porchon

We show how a number of well-known uncertainty principles for the Fourier transform, such as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the Donoho--Stark uncertainty principle, and Meshulam's non-abelian uncertainty principle, have little to do…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-09-14 Avi Wigderson , Yuval Wigderson

We prove a one-dimensional Hardy inequality on the halfline with sharp constant, which improves the classical form of this inequality. As a consequence of this new inequality we can rederive known doubly weighted Hardy inequalities. Our…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-04-05 Rupert L. Frank , Ari Laptev , Timo Weidl

A sharper uncertainty inequality which exhibits a lower bound larger than that in the classical N-dimensional Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is obtained, and extended from N-dimensional Fourier transform domain to two N-dimensional…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-06-14 Zhichao Zhang

Under Wigdersons' framework and by sorting out the technical points in the recent works of Tang (J. Fourier Anal. Appl. 31 (2025)) and Dias-Luef-Prata (J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 198 (2025)), we prove an abstract uncertainty principle for…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-06-19 Tianxiao Huang , Ze Li , Jiani Liu

In this paper we give log-convexity properties for solutions to discrete Schr\"odinger equations with different discrete versions of Gaussian decay at two different times. For free evolutions, we use complex analysis arguments to derive…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-06-12 Aingeru Fernández-Bertolin

A known Hardy-Littlewood theorem asserts that if both the function and its conjugate are of bounded variation, then their Fourier series are absolutely convergent. It is proved in the paper that the same result holds true for functions on…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2013-03-08 Elijah Liflyand , Ulrich Stadtmueller

We shed new light on Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in the sense of Beurling, by offering an essentially different proof which permits us to weaken the assumptions substantially, and examples show that the result is sharp. The proof…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2013-11-11 Haakan Hedenmalm
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