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Current metrics for evaluating factuality for abstractive document summarization have achieved high correlations with human judgment, but they do not account for the vision modality and thus are not adequate for vision-and-language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-07 David Wan , Mohit Bansal

Abstractive summarization has enjoyed renewed interest in recent years, thanks to pre-trained language models and the availability of large-scale datasets. Despite promising results, current models still suffer from generating factually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Roee Aharoni , Shashi Narayan , Joshua Maynez , Jonathan Herzig , Elizabeth Clark , Mirella Lapata

As Large Language Models (LLMs) have become capable of generating long and descriptive code summaries, accurate and reliable evaluation of factual consistency has become a critical challenge. However, previous evaluation methods are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Suyoung Bae , CheolWon Na , Jaehoon Lee , Yumin Lee , YunSeok Choi , Jee-Hyong Lee

Despite the success of recent abstractive summarizers on automatic evaluation metrics, the generated summaries still present factual inconsistencies with the source document. In this paper, we focus on entity-level factual inconsistency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Wen Xiao , Giuseppe Carenini

Many text generation applications require the generated text to be factually consistent with input information. Automatic evaluation of factual consistency is challenging. Previous work has developed various metrics that often depend on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Yuheng Zha , Yichi Yang , Ruichen Li , Zhiting Hu

Factual inconsistency with source documents in automatically generated summaries can lead to misinformation or pose risks. Existing factual consistency (FC) metrics are constrained by their performance, efficiency, and explainability.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Zheheng Luo , Qianqian Xie , Sophia Ananiadou

Automatic abstractive summaries are found to often distort or fabricate facts in the article. This inconsistency between summary and original text has seriously impacted its applicability. We propose a fact-aware summarization model FASum…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Chenguang Zhu , William Hinthorn , Ruochen Xu , Qingkai Zeng , Michael Zeng , Xuedong Huang , Meng Jiang

Recently, various neural encoder-decoder models pioneered by Seq2Seq framework have been proposed to achieve the goal of generating more abstractive summaries by learning to map input text to output text. At a high level, such neural models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Yichong Huang , Xiachong Feng , Xiaocheng Feng , Bing Qin

Effective summarisation evaluation metrics enable researchers and practitioners to compare different summarisation systems efficiently. Estimating the effectiveness of an automatic evaluation metric, termed meta-evaluation, is a critically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Xiang Dai , Sarvnaz Karimi , Biaoyan Fang

We explore the need for more comprehensive and precise evaluation techniques for generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in text summarization tasks, specifically in the area of opinion summarization. Traditional methods, which leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Leandro Anghinoni , Jorge Sanchez

Detecting factual inconsistency for long document summarization remains challenging, given the complex structure of the source article and long summary length. In this work, we study factual inconsistency errors and connect them with a line…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yang Zhong , Diane Litman

The performance of text summarization has been greatly boosted by pre-trained language models. A main concern of existing methods is that most generated summaries are not factually inconsistent with their source documents. To alleviate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Zheheng Luo , Qianqian Xie , Sophia Ananiadou

Practical applications of abstractive summarization models are limited by frequent factual inconsistencies with respect to their input. Existing automatic evaluation metrics for summarization are largely insensitive to such errors. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-10 Alex Wang , Kyunghyun Cho , Mike Lewis

In the summarization domain, a key requirement for summaries is to be factually consistent with the input document. Previous work has found that natural language inference (NLI) models do not perform competitively when applied to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Philippe Laban , Tobias Schnabel , Paul N. Bennett , Marti A. Hearst

Reinforcement learning with evaluation metrics as rewards is widely used to enhance specific capabilities of language models. However, for tasks such as factually consistent summarisation, existing metrics remain underdeveloped, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuxuan Ye , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Edwin Simpson

The propensity of abstractive summarization models to make factual errors has been studied extensively, including design of metrics to detect factual errors and annotation of errors in current systems' outputs. However, the ever-evolving…

Evaluating the truthfulness of online content is critical for combating misinformation. This study examines the efficiency and effectiveness of crowdsourced truthfulness assessments through a comparative analysis of two approaches: one…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Kevin Roitero , Dustin Wright , Michael Soprano , Isabelle Augenstein , Stefano Mizzaro

Lack of factual correctness is an issue that still plagues state-of-the-art summarization systems despite their impressive progress on generating seemingly fluent summaries. In this paper, we show that factual inconsistency can be caused by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Asish Ghoshal , Arash Einolghozati , Ankit Arun , Haoran Li , Lili Yu , Vera Gor , Yashar Mehdad , Scott Wen-tau Yih , Asli Celikyilmaz

Improving factual consistency of abstractive summarization has been a widely studied topic. However, most of the prior works on training factuality-aware models have ignored the negative effect it has on summary quality. We propose EFACTSUM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Tanay Dixit , Fei Wang , Muhao Chen

Current pre-trained models applied to summarization are prone to factual inconsistencies which either misrepresent the source text or introduce extraneous information. Thus, comparing the factual consistency of summaries is necessary as we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Xiangru Tang , Alexander Fabbri , Haoran Li , Ziming Mao , Griffin Thomas Adams , Borui Wang , Asli Celikyilmaz , Yashar Mehdad , Dragomir Radev