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Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is discussed. We show that one common formulation of ETH does not necessarily imply thermalization of an observable of isolated many body quantum system. To get thermalization one has to postulate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-02-06 Oleg Inozemcev , Igor Volovich

Thermalization of isolated quantum systems has been studied intensively in recent years and significant progresses have been achieved. Here, we study thermalization of small quantum systems that interact with large chaotic environments…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-05 Jiaozi Wang , Wen-ge Wang , Jiao Wang

We investigate the equilibration and thermalization properties of quantum systems interacting with a finite dimensional environment. By exploiting the concept of time averaged states, we introduce a completely positive map which allows to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-27 A. Smirne , E. -M. Laine , H. -P. Breuer , J. Piilo , B. Vacchini

We prove that prethermalization is a generic property of gapped local many-body quantum systems, subjected to small perturbations, in any spatial dimension. More precisely, let $H_0$ be a Hamiltonian, spatially local in $d$ spatial…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-08-16 Chao Yin , Andrew Lucas

One of the fundamental problems of quantum statistical physics is how an ideally isolated quantum system can ever reach thermal equilibrium behavior despite the unitary time evolution of quantum-mechanical systems. Here, we study, via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Marvin Lenk , Sayak Biswas , Anna Posazhennikova , Johann Kroha

We provide a pedagogical introduction to eigenstate thermalization. This phenomenon, which occurs in generic quantum systems, allows one to understand why thermalization takes place in isolated systems under unitary dynamics. We motivate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Rohit Patil , Marcos Rigol

We discuss thermalization in a multimode quantum cavity under unitary evolution. According to general principles, an isolated system with quadratic couplings does not exhibit thermalization. However, we find that three-wave perturbation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Jukka P. Pekola , Bayan Karimi

We develop a consistent stochastic thermodynamics for environments composed of thermodynamic reservoirs in an external conservative force field, that is environments described by the Generalized or Gibbs canonical ensemble. We demonstrate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-09-14 Jordan M. Horowitz , Massimiliano Esposito

Proving thermalization from the unitary evolution of a closed quantum system is one of the oldest questions that is still nowadays only partially resolved. Several efforts have led to various formulations of what is called the eigenstate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Christian Bertoni , Clara Wassner , Giacomo Guarnieri , Jens Eisert

We study thermalization within a quantum system with an enhanced capacity to store information. This system has been recently introduced to provide a prototype model of how a black hole processes and stores information. We perform a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-03 Oleg Kaikov

We have developed a theoretical formalism to introduce temperature as a parameter into the framework of non-relativistic quantum mechanics using the laws of classical thermodynamics and the canonical ensemble scheme of statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-08 Ashkan Shekaari , Mahmoud Jafari

I consider the generic situation where a finite number of identical test systems in varying (possibly unknown) initial states are subjected independently to the same unknown process. I show how one can infer from the output data alone…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-03 Jochen Rau

We report a phase transition in the projected ensemble - the collection of post-measurement wavefunctions of a local subsystem obtained by measuring its complement. The transition emerges in systems undergoing random permutation dynamics, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Chang Liu , Matteo Ippoliti , Wen Wei Ho

Quantum simulators offer a new opportunity for the experimental exploration of non-equilibrium quantum many-body dynamics, which have traditionally been characterized through expectation values or entanglement measures, based on density…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-27 Zhiguang Yan , Zi-Yong Ge , Rui Li , Yu-Ran Zhang , Franco Nori , Yasunobu Nakamura

In non-interacting isolated quantum systems out of equilibrium, local subsystems typically relax to non-thermal stationary states. In the standard framework, information on the rest of the system is discarded, and such states are described…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-23 Maxime Lucas , Lorenzo Piroli , Jacopo De Nardis , Andrea De Luca

In this talk, we discuss real-time thermalization dynamics of $\mathbf{Z}_2$ Lattice Gauge Theory in 2+1 spacetime dimensions. While classical thermalization is commonly associated with chaotic behavior, turbulence and universality, the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2021-11-03 Niklas Mueller , Torsten V. Zache , Robert Ott

We elucidate how the presence of higher-form symmetries affects the dynamics of thermalization in isolated quantum systems. Under reasonable assumptions, we analytically show that a $p$-form symmetry in a $(d+1)$-dimensional quantum field…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-10-10 Osamu Fukushima , Ryusuke Hamazaki

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) has played a major role in understanding thermodynamic phenomena in closed quantum systems. However, its connection to the timescale of thermalization for open system dynamics has remained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-30 Chi-Fang Chen , Fernando G. S. L. Brandão

In this work we present a formalism to describe non equilibrium conditions in systems with a discretized energy spectrum, such as quantum systems. We develop a formalism based on a combination of Gibbs-Shannon entropy and information…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-07-23 Alessio Gagliardi , Alessandro Pecchia , Aldo Di Carlo

We demonstrate a generalized notion of eigenstate thermalization for translation-invariant quasifree fermionic models: the vast majority of eigenstates satisfying a finite number of suitable constraints (e.g. fixed energy and particle…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-01-18 Jonathon Riddell , Markus P. Mueller