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We focus on the challenge of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection in deep learning models, a crucial aspect in ensuring reliability. Despite considerable effort, the problem remains significantly challenging in deep learning models due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Yunhao Ge , Jie Ren , Jiaping Zhao , Kaifeng Chen , Andrew Gallagher , Laurent Itti , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Multi-label Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) detection aims to discriminate the OOD samples from the multi-label In-Distribution (ID) ones. Compared with its multiclass counterpart, it is crucial to model the joint information among classes. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Yuchen Sun , Qianqian Xu , Zitai Wang , Zhiyong Yang , Junwei He

Semantic understanding of 3D point cloud relies on learning models with massively annotated data, which, in many cases, are expensive or difficult to collect. This has led to an emerging research interest in semi-supervised learning (SSL)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Xian Shi , Xun Xu , Wanyue Zhang , Xiatian Zhu , Chuan Sheng Foo , Kui Jia

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has emerged as a popular technique to enhance the reliability of machine learning models by identifying unexpected inputs from unknown classes. Recent progress in pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuanwei Hu , Bo Peng , Yadan Luo , Zhen Fang , Ling Chen , Jie Lu

Contrastive vision-language models like CLIP have shown great progress in transfer learning. In the inference stage, the proper text description, also known as prompt, needs to be carefully designed to correctly classify the given images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Tony Huang , Jack Chu , Fangyun Wei

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, which aims to distinguish unknown classes from known classes, has received increasing attention recently. A main challenge within is the unavailable of samples from the unknown classes in the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Mingle Xu , Jaehwan Lee , Sook Yoon , Dong Sun Park

In this work, we propose to use out-of-distribution samples, i.e., unlabeled samples coming from outside the target classes, to improve few-shot learning. Specifically, we exploit the easily available out-of-distribution samples to drive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Duong H. Le , Khoi D. Nguyen , Khoi Nguyen , Quoc-Huy Tran , Rang Nguyen , Binh-Son Hua

Existing open-set recognition (OSR) studies typically assume that each image contains only one class label, with the unknown test set (negative) having a disjoint label space from the known test set (positive), a scenario referred to as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Xu Yin , Fei Pan , Guoyuan An , Yuchi Huo , Zixuan Xie , Sung-Eui Yoon

Vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have demonstrated impressive zero-shot capabilities for various downstream tasks. Their performance can be further enhanced through few-shot prompt tuning methods. However, current studies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhi Zhou , Ming Yang , Jiang-Xin Shi , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is the key to deploying models safely in the open world. For OOD detection, collecting sufficient in-distribution (ID) labeled data is usually more time-consuming and costly than unlabeled data. When ID…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Rundong He , Rongxue Li , Zhongyi Han , Yilong Yin

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) offers a robust framework for harnessing the potential of unannotated data. Traditionally, SSL mandates that all classes possess labeled instances. However, the emergence of open-world SSL (OwSSL) introduces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Shengjie Niu , Lifan Lin , Jian Huang , Chao Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection remains challenging for deep learning models, particularly when test-time OOD samples differ significantly from training outliers. We propose OODD, a novel test-time OOD detection method that dynamically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Yifeng Yang , Lin Zhu , Zewen Sun , Hengyu Liu , Qinying Gu , Nanyang Ye

In real world scenarios, out-of-distribution (OOD) datasets may have a large distributional shift from training datasets. This phenomena generally occurs when a trained classifier is deployed on varying dynamic environments, which causes a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-08 Harshita Boonlia , Tanmoy Dam , Md Meftahul Ferdaus , Sreenatha G. Anavatti , Ankan Mullick

Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is a vital component of dialogue systems, and its ability to detect Out-of-Domain (OOD) inputs is critical in practical applications, since the acceptance of the OOD input that is unsupported by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Yinhe Zheng , Guanyi Chen , Minlie Huang

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) have advanced out-of-distribution (OOD) detection recently. However, existing CLIP-based methods often focus on learning OOD-related knowledge to improve OOD detection, showing limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xinhua Lu , Runhe Lai , Yanqi Wu , Kanghao Chen , Wei-Shi Zheng , Ruixuan Wang

We introduce a challenging training scheme of conditional GANs, called open-set semi-supervised image generation, where the training dataset consists of two parts: (i) labeled data and (ii) unlabeled data with samples belonging to one of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Kai Katsumata , Duc Minh Vo , Hideki Nakayama

In this paper, we tackle the inductive semi-supervised learning problem that aims to obtain label predictions for out-of-sample data. The proposed approach, called Optimal Transport Induction (OTI), extends efficiently an optimal transport…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-15 Mourad El Hamri , Younès Bennani , Issam Falih

Graph Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify whether a test graph deviates from the distribution of graphs observed during training, which is critical for ensuring the reliability of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) when deployed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Luzhi Wang , Xuanshuo Fu , He Zhang , Chuang Liu , Xiaobao Wang , Hongbo Liu

This work addresses the task of self-supervised learning (SSL) on a long-tailed dataset that aims to learn balanced and well-separated representations for downstream tasks such as image classification. This task is crucial because the real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Cuong Manh Hoang , Yeejin Lee , Byeongkeun Kang

Pseudo-labeling (PL) and Data Augmentation-based Consistency Training (DACT) are two approaches widely used in Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) methods. These methods exhibit great power in many machine learning tasks by utilizing unlabeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Huixiang Luo , Hao Cheng , Fanxu Meng , Yuting Gao , Ke Li , Mengdan Zhang , Xing Sun