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Neural networks are known to produce over-confident predictions on input images, even when these images are out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. This limits the applications of neural network models in real-world scenarios, where OOD samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Ke Fan , Yikai Wang , Qian Yu , Da Li , Yanwei Fu

Open-set active learning (OSAL) aims to identify informative samples for annotation when unlabeled data may contain previously unseen classes-a common challenge in safety-critical and open-world scenarios. Existing approaches typically rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chen-Chen Zong , Yu-Qi Chi , Xie-Yang Wang , Yan Cui , Sheng-Jun Huang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is indispensable for machine learning models deployed in the open world. Recently, the use of an auxiliary outlier dataset during training (also known as outlier exposure) has shown promising performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Yifei Ming , Ying Fan , Yixuan Li

In semi-supervised semantic segmentation, existing studies have shown promising results in academic settings with controlled splits of benchmark datasets. However, the potential benefits of leveraging significantly larger sets of unlabeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Wooseok Shin , Jisu Kang , Hyeonki Jeong , Jin Sob Kim , Sung Won Han

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods effectively leverage unlabeled data to improve model generalization. However, SSL models often underperform in open-set scenarios, where unlabeled data contain outliers from novel categories that do…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Yue Fan , Anna Kukleva , Dengxin Dai , Bernt Schiele

Traditional supervised learning aims to train a classifier in the closed-set world, where training and test samples share the same label space. In this paper, we target a more challenging and realistic setting: open-set learning (OSL),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Zhen Fang , Jie Lu , Anjin Liu , Feng Liu , Guangquan Zhang

Recent advances in robust semi-supervised learning (SSL) typically filter out-of-distribution (OOD) information at the sample level. We argue that an overlooked problem of robust SSL is its corrupted information on semantic level,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Yu Wang , Pengchong Qiao , Chang Liu , Guoli Song , Xiawu Zheng , Jie Chen

When applying deep learning models in open-world scenarios, active learning (AL) strategies are crucial for identifying label candidates from a nearly infinite amount of unlabeled data. In this context, robust out-of-distribution (OOD)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sebastian Schmidt , Leonard Schenk , Leo Schwinn , Stephan Günnemann

Deep Learning heavily depends on large labeled datasets which limits further improvements. While unlabeled data is available in large amounts, in particular in image recognition, it does not fulfill the closed world assumption of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Maximilian Augustin , Matthias Hein

Out-of-Domain (OOD) intent detection is important for practical dialog systems. To alleviate the issue of lacking OOD training samples, some works propose synthesizing pseudo OOD samples and directly assigning one-hot OOD labels to these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Hao Lang , Yinhe Zheng , Jian Sun , Fei Huang , Luo Si , Yongbin Li

We evaluate the out-of-distribution (OOD) detection performance of self-supervised learning (SSL) techniques with a new evaluation framework. Unlike the previous evaluation methods, the proposed framework adjusts the distance of OOD samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Jeonghoon Park , Kyungmin Jo , Daehoon Gwak , Jimin Hong , Jaegul Choo , Edward Choi

Machine learning-based techniques open up many opportunities and improvements to derive deeper and more practical insights from data that can help businesses make informed decisions. However, the majority of these techniques focus on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Atefeh Mahdavi , Marco Carvalho

We demonstrate that co-training (Blum & Mitchell, 1998) can improve the performance of prompt-based learning by using unlabeled data. While prompting has emerged as a promising paradigm for few-shot and zero-shot learning, it is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Hunter Lang , Monica Agrawal , Yoon Kim , David Sontag

Detecting test-time distribution shift has emerged as a key capability for safely deployed machine learning models, with the question being tackled under various guises in recent years. In this paper, we aim to provide a consolidated view…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Hongjun Wang , Sagar Vaze , Kai Han

Unsupervised Outlier Detection (UOD) is an important data mining task. With the advance of deep learning, deep Outlier Detection (OD) has received broad interest. Most deep UOD models are trained exclusively on clean datasets to learn the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Yihong Huang , Yuang Zhang , Liping Wang , Fan Zhang , Xuemin Lin

Current closed-set instance segmentation models rely on pre-defined class labels for each mask during training and evaluation, largely limiting their ability to detect novel objects. Open-world instance segmentation (OWIS) models address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Muzhi Zhu , Hengtao Li , Hao Chen , Chengxiang Fan , Weian Mao , Chenchen Jing , Yifan Liu , Chunhua Shen

Detecting Out-of-Distribution (OOD) samples in real world visual applications like classification or object detection has become a necessary precondition in today's deployment of Deep Learning systems. Many techniques have been proposed, of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Abhishek Joshi , Sathish Chalasani , Kiran Nanjunda Iyer

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential in real-world applications, which has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, most existing OOD detection methods require many labeled In-Distribution (ID) data, causing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Yi-Xuan Sun , Wei Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection plays a crucial role in ensuring the robustness and reliability of machine learning systems deployed in real-world applications. Recent approaches have explored the use of unlabeled data, showing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Momin Abbas , Ali Falahati , Hossein Goli , Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri

Out-of-distribution (OOD) learning often relies heavily on statistical approaches or predefined assumptions about OOD data distributions, hindering their efficacy in addressing multifaceted challenges of OOD generalization and OOD detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Haoyue Bai , Xuefeng Du , Katie Rainey , Shibin Parameswaran , Yixuan Li