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Sparse and delayed rewards pose a challenge to single agent reinforcement learning. This challenge is amplified in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) where credit assignment of these rewards needs to happen not only across time, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Jennifer She , Jayesh K. Gupta , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Consistent and reproducible evaluation of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is not straightforward. In the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE), small changes in environment parameters such as stochasticity or the maximum allowed play time can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Marin Toromanoff , Emilie Wirbel , Fabien Moutarde

Artificial neural networks are promising for general function approximation but challenging to train on non-independent or non-identically distributed data due to catastrophic forgetting. The experience replay buffer, a standard component…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Qingfeng Lan , Yangchen Pan , Jun Luo , A. Rupam Mahmood

Experience replay is widely used in deep reinforcement learning algorithms and allows agents to remember and learn from experiences from the past. In an effort to learn more efficiently, researchers proposed prioritized experience replay…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Marc Brittain , Josh Bertram , Xuxi Yang , Peng Wei

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are designed to optimize problem-solving by learning actions that maximize rewards, a task that becomes particularly challenging in random and nonstationary environments. Even advanced RL algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Sebastian Zieglmeier , Niklas Erdmann , Narada D. Warakagoda

Reinforcement learning with offline data suffers from Q-value extrapolation errors. To address this issue, we first demonstrate that linear extrapolation of the Q-function beyond the data range is particularly problematic. To mitigate this,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Jeonghye Kim , Yongjae Shin , Whiyoung Jung , Sunghoon Hong , Deunsol Yoon , Youngchul Sung , Kanghoon Lee , Woohyung Lim

Scene Rearrangement Planning (SRP) is an interior task proposed recently. The previous work defines the action space of this task with handcrafted coarse-grained actions that are inflexible to be used for transforming scene arrangement and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Hanqing Wang , Zan Wang , Wei Liang , Lap-Fai Yu

Recent studies have shown that reinforcement learning (RL) models are vulnerable in various noisy scenarios. For instance, the observed reward channel is often subject to noise in practice (e.g., when rewards are collected through sensors),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Jingkang Wang , Yang Liu , Bo Li

Designing appropriate reward functions for Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches has been a significant problem, especially for complex environments such as Atari games. Utilizing natural language instructions to provide intermediate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Ziyuan Cao , Reshma Anugundanahalli Ramachandra , Kelin Yu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) gives the promise that an agent learns good policy from high-dimensional information, whereas representation learning removes irrelevant and redundant information and retains pertinent information. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Qiang He , Huangyuan Su , Jieyu Zhang , Xinwen Hou

A widely-studied deep reinforcement learning (RL) technique known as Prioritized Experience Replay (PER) allows agents to learn from transitions sampled with non-uniform probability proportional to their temporal-difference (TD) error.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Baturay Saglam , Furkan B. Mutlu , Dogan C. Cicek , Suleyman S. Kozat

Modern large-scale recommender systems employ multi-stage ranking funnel (Retrieval, Pre-ranking, Ranking) to balance engagement and computational constraints (latency, CPU). However, the initial retrieval stage, often relying on efficient…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Amit Jaspal , Qian Dang , Ajantha Ramineni

In this work we present a new agent architecture, called Reactor, which combines multiple algorithmic and architectural contributions to produce an agent with higher sample-efficiency than Prioritized Dueling DQN (Wang et al., 2016) and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Audrunas Gruslys , Will Dabney , Mohammad Gheshlaghi Azar , Bilal Piot , Marc Bellemare , Remi Munos

We introduce the first deep reinforcement learning agent that learns to beat Atari games with the aid of natural language instructions. The agent uses a multimodal embedding between environment observations and natural language to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-20 Russell Kaplan , Christopher Sauer , Alexander Sosa

Deep networks allow to obtain outstanding results in semantic segmentation, however they need to be trained in a single shot with a large amount of data. Continual learning settings where new classes are learned in incremental steps and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Andrea Maracani , Umberto Michieli , Marco Toldo , Pietro Zanuttigh

Offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) faces a critical challenge: the joint action space grows exponentially with the number of agents, making dataset coverage exponentially sparse and out-of-distribution (OOD) joint actions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yue Jin , Giovanni Montana

Deep neural networks have become commonplace in the domain of reinforcement learning, but are often expensive in terms of the number of parameters needed. While compressing deep neural networks has of late assumed great importance to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Joel Ruben Antony Moniz , Barun Patra , Sarthak Garg

In Continual Learning, a Neural Network is trained on a stream of data whose distribution shifts over time. Under these assumptions, it is especially challenging to improve on classes appearing later in the stream while remaining accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Pietro Buzzega , Matteo Boschini , Angelo Porrello , Simone Calderara

Reinforcement learning (RL) has seen great advancements in the past few years. Nevertheless, the consensus among the RL community is that currently used methods, despite all their benefits, suffer from extreme data inefficiency, especially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Kacper Kielak

Despite the advantageous subquadratic complexity of modern recurrent deep learning models -- such as state-space models (SSMs) -- recent studies have highlighted their potential shortcomings compared to transformers on reasoning and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Destiny Okpekpe , Antonio Orvieto