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Controllable timbre synthesis has been a subject of research for several decades, and deep neural networks have been the most successful in this area. Deep generative models such as Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have the ability to…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Anastasia Natsiou , Luca Longo , Sean O'Leary

Recent studies show the ability of unsupervised models to learn invertible audio representations using Auto-Encoders. They enable high-quality sound synthesis but a limited control since the latent spaces do not disentangle timbre…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Antoine Caillon , Adrien Bitton , Brice Gatinet , Philippe Esling

Timbre spaces have been used in music perception to study the perceptual relationships between instruments based on dissimilarity ratings. However, these spaces do not generalize to novel examples and do not provide an invertible mapping,…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Philippe Esling , Axel Chemla--Romeu-Santos , Adrien Bitton

In this paper, we learn disentangled representations of timbre and pitch for musical instrument sounds. We adapt a framework based on variational autoencoders with Gaussian mixture latent distributions. Specifically, we use two separate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Yin-Jyun Luo , Kat Agres , Dorien Herremans

The research in Deep Learning applications in sound and music computing have gathered an interest in the recent years; however, there is still a missing link between these new technologies and on how they can be incorporated into real-world…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Kıvanç Tatar , Kelsey Cotton , Daniel Bisig

We present a comparative evaluation of latent space organization in three Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) for musical timbre generation: an unsupervised VAE, a descriptor-conditioned VAE, and a VAE conditioned on continuous perceptual…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Joseph Cameron , Alan Blackwell

This paper presents a novel approach to neural instrument sound synthesis using a two-stage semi-supervised learning framework capable of generating pitch-accurate, high-quality music samples from an expressive timbre latent space. Existing…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Christian Limberg , Fares Schulz , Zhe Zhang , Stefan Weinzierl

Synthesizers are essential in modern music production. However, their complex timbre parameters, often filled with technical terms, require expertise. This research introduces a method of timbre control in wavetable synthesis that is…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Tsugumasa Yutani , Yuya Yamamoto , Shuyo Nakatani , Hiroko Terasawa

We present the Latent Timbre Synthesis (LTS), a new audio synthesis method using Deep Learning. The synthesis method allows composers and sound designers to interpolate and extrapolate between the timbre of multiple sounds using the latent…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-03 K. Tatar , D. Bisig , P. Pasquier

The dominant approach for music representation learning involves the deep unsupervised model family variational autoencoder (VAE). However, most, if not all, viable attempts on this problem have largely been limited to monophonic music.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-18 Ziyu Wang , Yiyi Zhang , Yixiao Zhang , Junyan Jiang , Ruihan Yang , Junbo Zhao , Gus Xia

The Variational Autoencoder (VAE) has proven to be an effective model for producing semantically meaningful latent representations for natural data. However, it has thus far seen limited application to sequential data, and, as we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Adam Roberts , Jesse Engel , Colin Raffel , Curtis Hawthorne , Douglas Eck

Generative models have been successfully applied to image style transfer and domain translation. However, there is still a wide gap in the quality of results when learning such tasks on musical audio. Furthermore, most translation models…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Adrien Bitton , Philippe Esling , Axel Chemla-Romeu-Santos

The variational auto-encoder (VAE) is a popular method for learning a generative model and embeddings of the data. Many real datasets are hierarchically structured. However, traditional VAEs map data in a Euclidean latent space which cannot…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-27 Emile Mathieu , Charline Le Lan , Chris J. Maddison , Ryota Tomioka , Yee Whye Teh

In this paper, we present a novel audio synthesizer, CAESynth, based on a conditional autoencoder. CAESynth synthesizes timbre in real-time by interpolating the reference sounds in their shared latent feature space, while controlling a…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Aaron Valero Puche , Sukhan Lee

With the advent of data-driven statistical modeling and abundant computing power, researchers are turning increasingly to deep learning for audio synthesis. These methods try to model audio signals directly in the time or frequency domain.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-13 Krishna Subramani , Preeti Rao , Alexandre D'Hooge

We introduce MHVAE, a deep hierarchical variational auto-encoder (VAE) that synthesizes missing images from various modalities. Extending multi-modal VAEs with a hierarchical latent structure, we introduce a probabilistic formulation for…

The recent success of raw audio waveform synthesis models like WaveNet motivates a new approach for music synthesis, in which the entire process --- creating audio samples from a score and instrument information --- is modeled using…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Jong Wook Kim , Rachel Bittner , Aparna Kumar , Juan Pablo Bello

Timbre is a set of perceptual attributes that identifies different types of sound sources. Although its definition is usually elusive, it can be seen from a signal processing viewpoint as all the spectral features that are perceived…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-14 Adrien Bitton , Philippe Esling , Tatsuya Harada

The development of deep learning methods for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is often hindered by limited availability of large, high-quality training datasets. While physics-based simulations are commonly used to mitigate this…

Electromyogram (EMG)-based motion classification using machine learning has been widely employed in applications such as prosthesis control. While previous studies have explored generating synthetic patterns of combined motions to reduce…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-13 Itsuki Yazawa , Akira Furui
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