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Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), owing to their mesh-free nature, offer a powerful approach for solving high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) in complex geometries, including irregular domains. This capability…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Hanfei Zhou , Lei Shi

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have received increased interest for forward, inverse, and surrogate modeling of problems described by partial differential equations (PDE). However, their application to multiphysics problem,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Danial Amini , Ehsan Haghighat , Ruben Juanes

In this work, we study physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) constrained by partial differential equations (PDEs) and their application in approximating PDEs with two characteristic scales. From a continuous perspective, our formulation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-06 Michael Hintermüller , Denis Korolev

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) are deep learning based techniques for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) encounted in computational science and engineering. Guided by data and physical laws, PINNs find a neural network…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-30 Yeonjong Shin , Jerome Darbon , George Em Karniadakis

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool to provide robust and accurate approximations of solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs face serious difficulties and challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Rajat Arora

Physics-informed neural networks (PINN) have recently become attractive for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) that describe physics laws. By including PDE-based loss functions, physics laws such as mass balance are enforced…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-06-26 Md Lal Mamud , Maruti K. Mudunuru , Satish Karra , Bulbul Ahmmed

Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have frequently been used for the numerical approximation of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The goal of this paper is to construct PINNs along with a computable upper bound of the error,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-19 Lewin Ernst , Karsten Urban

Mathematical models in neural networks are powerful tools for solving complex differential equations and optimizing their parameters; that is, solving the forward and inverse problems, respectively. A forward problem predicts the output of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Aarush Gupta , Kendric Hsu , Syna Mathod

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown promising potential for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using deep learning. However, PINNs face training difficulties for evolutionary PDEs, particularly for dynamical…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Siqi Chen , Bin Shan , Ye Li

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) serve as a flexible alternative for tackling forward and inverse problems in differential equations, displaying impressive advancements in diverse areas of applied mathematics. Despite integrating…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-07-12 Shengfeng Xu , Chang Yan , Zhenxu Sun , Renfang Huang , Dilong Guo , Guowei Yang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely applied to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by enforcing outputs and gradients of deep models to satisfy target equations. Due to the limitation of numerical computation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Haixu Wu , Huakun Luo , Yuezhou Ma , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Differential equations are indispensable to engineering and hence to innovation. In recent years, physics-informed neural networks (PINN) have emerged as a novel method for solving differential equations. PINN method has the advantage of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Mayank Raj , Pramod Kumbhar , Ratna Kumar Annabattula

Stochastic differential equations are commonly used to describe the evolution of stochastic processes. The state uncertainty of such processes is best represented by the probability density function (PDF), whose evolution is governed by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chun-Wei Kong , Luca Laurenti , Jay McMahon , Morteza Lahijanian

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a prominent paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), yet their training strategies remain underexplored. While hard prioritization methods inspired by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Zhaoqian Gao , Min Yanga

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are extensively employed to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by ensuring that the outputs and gradients of deep learning models adhere to the governing equations. However, constrained by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Chenhao Si , Ming Yan

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been popularized as a deep learning framework that can seamlessly synthesize observational data and partial differential equation (PDE) constraints. Their practical effectiveness however can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Sifan Wang , Shyam Sankaran , Hanwen Wang , Paris Perdikaris

Deep learning has been shown to be an effective tool in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) through physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs embed the PDE residual into the loss function of the neural network, and have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Jeremy Yu , Lu Lu , Xuhui Meng , George Em Karniadakis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are effective in solving integer-order partial differential equations (PDEs) based on scattered and noisy data. PINNs employ standard feedforward neural networks (NNs) with the PDEs explicitly…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-11-03 Guofei Pang , Lu Lu , George Em Karniadakis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are revolutionizing science and engineering practice by bringing together the power of deep learning to bear on scientific computation. In forward modeling problems, PINNs are meshless partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Yicheng Wang , Xiaotian Han , Chia-Yuan Chang , Daochen Zha , Ulisses Braga-Neto , Xia Hu

Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) is a promising application of deep learning. The smooth architecture of a fully connected neural network is appropriate for finding the solutions of PDEs; the corresponding loss function can also be…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-12-09 Hwijae Son , Jin Woo Jang , Woo Jin Han , Hyung Ju Hwang