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This study investigates an application of a new probabilistic interpretation of a softmax output to Open-Set Recognition (OSR). Softmax is a mechanism wildly used in classification and object recognition. However, a softmax mechanism forces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Tatpong Katanyukul , Pisit Nakjai

A neural network trained on a classification dataset often exhibits a higher vector norm of hidden layer features for in-distribution (ID) samples, while producing relatively lower norm values on unseen instances from out-of-distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Jaewoo Park , Jacky Chen Long Chai , Jaeho Yoon , Andrew Beng Jin Teoh

In conventional supervised learning, a training dataset is given with ground-truth labels from a known label set, and the learned model will classify unseen instances to known labels. This paper studies a new problem setting in which there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Peng Zhao , Jia-Wei Shan , Yu-Jie Zhang , Zhi-Hua Zhou

Open set domain adaptation refers to the scenario that the target domain contains categories that do not exist in the source domain. It is a more common situation in the reality compared with the typical closed set domain adaptation where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Sitong Mao , Xiao Shen , Fu-lai Chung

Multi-label Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) detection aims to discriminate the OOD samples from the multi-label In-Distribution (ID) ones. Compared with its multiclass counterpart, it is crucial to model the joint information among classes. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Yuchen Sun , Qianqian Xu , Zitai Wang , Zhiyong Yang , Junwei He

In open-world semi-supervised learning, a machine learning model is tasked with uncovering novel categories from unlabeled data while maintaining performance on seen categories from labeled data. The central challenge is the substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Bo Ye , Kai Gan , Tong Wei , Min-Ling Zhang

Open set domain adaptation aims to diminish the domain shift across domains, with partially shared classes. There exist unknown target samples out of the knowledge of source domain. Compared to the close set setting, how to separate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Qianyu Feng , Guoliang Kang , Hehe Fan , Yi Yang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is an effective means to leverage unlabeled data to improve a model's performance. Typical SSL methods like FixMatch assume that labeled and unlabeled data share the same label space. However, in practice,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Kuniaki Saito , Donghyun Kim , Kate Saenko

With the of advent rich classification models and high computational power visual recognition systems have found many operational applications. Recognition in the real world poses multiple challenges that are not apparent in controlled lab…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-12-01 Abhijit Bendale , Terrance Boult

A desirable open world recognition (OWR) system requires performing three tasks: (1) Open set recognition (OSR), i.e., classifying the known (classes seen during training) and rejecting the unknown (unseen$/$novel classes) online; (2)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Fulin Gao , Weimin Zhong , Zhixing Cao , Xin Peng , Zhi Li

Most of the existing recognition algorithms are proposed for closed set scenarios, where all categories are known beforehand. However, in practice, recognition is essentially an open set problem. There are categories we know called…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Yu Shu , Yemin Shi , Yaowei Wang , Tiejun Huang , Yonghong Tian

Open set recognition (OSR) requires models to classify known samples while detecting unknown samples for real-world applications. Existing studies show impressive progress using unknown samples from auxiliary datasets to regularize OSR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Yu Wang , Junxian Mu , Hongzhi Huang , Qilong Wang , Pengfei Zhu , Qinghua Hu

Open-set recognition generalizes a classification task by classifying test samples as one of the known classes from training or "unknown." As novel cancer drug cocktails with improved treatment are continually discovered, predicting cancer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Alexander Cao , Diego Klabjan , Yuan Luo

Open-vocabulary object detection (OVD), detecting specific classes of objects using only their linguistic descriptions (e.g., class names) without any image samples, has garnered significant attention. However, in real-world applications,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yusuke Hosoya , Masanori Suganuma , Takayuki Okatani

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for reliably deploying machine learning models in the wild. Yet, most methods treat large pre-trained models as monolithic encoders and rely solely on their final-layer representations for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 I. M. De la Jara , C. Rodriguez-Opazo , D. Teney , D. Ranasinghe , E. Abbasnejad

Open-vocabulary learning requires modeling the data distribution in open environments, which consists of both seen-class and unseen-class data. Existing methods estimate the distribution in open environments using seen-class data, where the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xiaomeng Fan , Yuchuan Mao , Zhi Gao , Yuwei Wu , Jin Chen , Yunde Jia

In this work, we train a network to simultaneously perform segmentation and pixel-wise Out-of-Distribution (OoD) detection, such that the segmentation of unknown regions of scenes can be rejected. This is made possible by leveraging an OoD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-02 David Williams , Matthew Gadd , Daniele De Martini , Paul Newman

In Generalized Zero-Shot Learning (GZSL), unseen categories (for which no visual data are available at training time) can be predicted by leveraging their class embeddings (e.g., a list of attributes describing them) together with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Federico Marmoreo , Julio Ivan Davila Carrazco , Vittorio Murino , Jacopo Cavazza

The classification of textual data often yields important information. Most classifiers work in a closed world setting where the classifier is trained on a known corpus, and then it is tested on unseen examples that belong to one of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Justin Leo , Jugal Kalita

Improving the retrieval relevance on noisy datasets is an emerging need for the curation of a large-scale clean dataset in the medical domain. While existing methods can be applied for class-wise retrieval (aka. inter-class), they cannot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Xiaoyuan Guo , Jiali Duan , Saptarshi Purkayastha , Hari Trivedi , Judy Wawira Gichoya , Imon Banerjee