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Deep Learning heavily depends on large labeled datasets which limits further improvements. While unlabeled data is available in large amounts, in particular in image recognition, it does not fulfill the closed world assumption of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Maximilian Augustin , Matthias Hein

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, which aims to distinguish unknown classes from known classes, has received increasing attention recently. A main challenge within is the unavailable of samples from the unknown classes in the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Mingle Xu , Jaehwan Lee , Sook Yoon , Dong Sun Park

Deep learning models have become increasingly useful in many different industries. On the domain of image classification, convolutional neural networks proved the ability to learn robust features for the closed set problem, as shown in many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Rafael S. Pereira , Alexis Joly , Patrick Valduriez , Fabio Porto

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify OOD inputs from unknown classes, which is important for the reliable deployment of machine learning models in the open world. Various scoring functions are proposed to distinguish it from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Boxuan Zhang , Jianing Zhu , Zengmao Wang , Tongliang Liu , Bo Du , Bo Han

Open-set object detection (OSOD), a task involving the detection of unknown objects while accurately detecting known objects, has recently gained attention. However, we identify a fundamental issue with the problem formulation employed in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yusuke Hosoya , Masanori Suganuma , Takayuki Okatani

Supervised classification methods often assume the train and test data distributions are the same and that all classes in the test set are present in the training set. However, deployed classifiers often require the ability to recognize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Ryne Roady , Tyler L. Hayes , Ronald Kemker , Ayesha Gonzales , Christopher Kanan

It is an important problem in trustworthy machine learning to recognize out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs which are inputs unrelated to the in-distribution task. Many out-of-distribution detection methods have been suggested in recent years.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Julian Bitterwolf , Alexander Meinke , Maximilian Augustin , Matthias Hein

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has emerged as a popular technique to enhance the reliability of machine learning models by identifying unexpected inputs from unknown classes. Recent progress in pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuanwei Hu , Bo Peng , Yadan Luo , Zhen Fang , Ling Chen , Jie Lu

Open-set object detection (OSOD) aims to detect the known categories and reject unknown objects in a dynamic world, which has achieved significant attention. However, previous approaches only consider this problem in data-abundant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Binyi Su , Hua Zhang , Jingzhi Li , Zhong Zhou

Deep neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art performance in a wide range of recognition/classification tasks. However, when applying deep learning to real-world applications, there are still multiple challenges. A typical challenge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Xin Sun , Zhenning Yang , Chi Zhang , Guohao Peng , Keck-Voon Ling

In open-world learning, an agent starts with a set of known classes, detects, and manages things that it does not know, and learns them over time from a non-stationary stream of data. Open-world learning is related to but also distinct from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Mohsen Jafarzadeh , Akshay Raj Dhamija , Steve Cruz , Chunchun Li , Touqeer Ahmad , Terrance E. Boult

We tackle the Few-Shot Open-Set Recognition (FSOSR) problem, i.e. classifying instances among a set of classes for which we only have a few labeled samples, while simultaneously detecting instances that do not belong to any known class. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Malik Boudiaf , Etienne Bennequin , Myriam Tami , Antoine Toubhans , Pablo Piantanida , Céline Hudelot , Ismail Ben Ayed

Open-set panoptic segmentation (OPS) problem is a new research direction aiming to perform segmentation for both \known classes and \unknown classes, i.e., the objects ("things") that are never annotated in the training set. The main…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Hai-Ming Xu , Hao Chen , Lingqiao Liu , Yufei Yin

Few-Shot Open-Set Recognition (FSOSR) targets a critical real-world challenge, aiming to categorize inputs into known categories, termed closed-set classes, while identifying open-set inputs that fall outside these classes. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Byeonggeun Kim , Juntae Lee , Kyuhong Shim , Simyung Chang

Image classification plays a pivotal role across diverse applications, yet challenges persist when models are deployed in real-world scenarios. Notably, these models falter in detecting unfamiliar classes that were not incorporated during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Butian Xiong , Liguang Zhou , Tin Lun Lam , Yangsheng Xu

The objective of Open set recognition (OSR) is to learn a classifier that can reject the unknown samples while classifying the known classes accurately. In this paper, we propose a self-supervision method, Detransformation Autoencoder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Jingyun Jia , Philip K. Chan

In open set recognition, a classifier has to detect unknown classes that are not known at training time. In order to recognize new categories, the classifier has to project the input samples of known classes in very compact and separated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Yunrui Guo , Guglielmo Camporese , Wenjing Yang , Alessandro Sperduti , Lamberto Ballan

Unsupervised learning of latent variable models (LVMs) is widely used to represent data in machine learning. When such models reflect the ground truth factors and the mechanisms mapping them to observations, there is reason to expect that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-23 Simon Buchholz , Michel Besserve , Bernhard Schölkopf

We show that the mutual information between the representation of a learning machine and the hidden features that it extracts from data is bounded from below by the relevance, which is the entropy of the model's energy distribution. Models…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-01-28 O Duranthon , M Marsili , R Xie

The existing supervised relation extraction methods have achieved impressive performance in a closed-set setting, where the relations during both training and testing remain the same. In a more realistic open-set setting, unknown relations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Jun Zhao , Xin Zhao , Wenyu Zhan , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Zhongyu Wei , Yunwen Chen , Xiang Gao , Xuanjing Huang