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We solve the Kato square root problem for parabolic operators of arbitrary order $2m$ whose coefficients are allowed to depend on both space and time in a merely measurable way and possess boundedness and ellipticity controlled by a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Guoming Zhang

We consider the Kato problem and extensions for degenerate elliptic operators of arbitrary order $2m$ ($m\geq 1$), whose coefficients are measurable, complex-valued and satisfy the G$\mathring{a}$rding inequality with respect to a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Guoming Zhang

We prove the Kato conjecture for degenerate elliptic operators in R^n. More precisely, we consider the divergence form operator L_w = -1/w div (wA) grad, where w is a Muckenhoupt A_2 weight and A is a complex valued n x n matrix which is…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2009-07-20 D. Cruz-Uribe , C. Rios

We consider the Kato square root problem for non-divergence second order elliptic operators $L =- a_{ij} D_iD_j$, and, especially, the normalized adjoints of such operators. In particular, our results are applicable to the case of real…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-10-06 Luis Escauriaza , Pablo Hidalgo-Palencia , Steve Hofmann

Let L(t) = --div (A(x, t)$\nabla$ x) for t $\in$ (0, $\tau$) be a uniformly elliptic operator with boundary conditions on a domain $\Omega$ of R d and $\partial$ = $\partial$ $\partial$t. Define the parabolic operator L = $\partial$ + L on…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-06-02 El Maati Ouhabaz

We solve the Kato square root problem for general elliptic operators and systems with measurable and complex coefficients on any domain of the Euclidean space. The operators are subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions. We also allow…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-03-23 Julan Bailey , El Maati Ouhabaz

We obtain the Kato square root estimate for second order elliptic operators in divergence form with mixed boundary conditions on an open and possibly unbounded set in $\mathbb{R}^d$ under two simple geometric conditions: The Dirichlet…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-04 Sebastian Bechtel , Moritz Egert , Robert Haller-Dintelmann

We consider second order degenerate parabolic equations with real, measurable, and time-dependent coefficients. We allow for degenerate ellipticity dictated by a spatial $A_2$-weight. We prove the existence of a fundamental solution and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-08-28 Alireza Ataei , Kaj Nyström

Let $w$ be a Muckenhoupt $A_2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ weight and $L_w:=-w^{-1}\mathop\mathrm{div}(A\nabla)$ the degenerate elliptic operator on the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$, $n\geq 2$. In this article, the authors establish some weighted $L^p$…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2015-09-21 Dachun Yang , Junqiang Zhang

We provide a direct proof of a quadratic estimate that plays a central role in the determination of domains of square roots of elliptic operators and, as shown more recently, in some boundary value problems with $L^2$ boundary data. We…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2009-05-18 Pascal Auscher , Andreas Axelsson , Alan McIntosh

The Kato square root problem for divergence form elliptic operators with potential $V : \mathbb{R}^{n} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ is the equivalence statement $\left\Vert (L + V)^{\frac{1}{2}} u\right\Vert_{2} \simeq \left\Vert \nabla u…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-24 Julian Bailey

We study the Kato problem for degenerate divergence form operators. This was begun by Cruz-Uribe and Rios who proved that given an operator $L_w=-w^{-1}{\rm div}(A\nabla)$, where $w\in A_2$ and $A$ is a $w$-degenerate elliptic measure (i.e,…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-10-10 David Cruz-Uribe , José María Martell , Cristian Rios

We solve the Kato square root problem for parabolic operators whose coefficients can be written as the sum of a complex part, which is coercive, and a real anti-symmetric part, which is in BMO. In particular, we allow for certain unbounded…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-01-15 Alireza Ataei , Kaj Nyström

We prove a Kato square root estimate with anisotropically degenerate matrix coefficients. We do so by doing the harmonic analysis using an auxiliary Riemannian metric adapted to the operator. We also derive $L^2$-solvability estimates for…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Gianmarco Brocchi , Andreas Rosén

Let $L$ be an elliptic differential operator with bounded measurable coefficients, acting in Bochner spaces $L^{p}(R^{n};X)$ of $X$-valued functions on $R^n$. We characterize Kato's square root estimates $\|\sqrt{L}u\|_{p} \eqsim \|\nabla…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tuomas Hytonen , Alan McIntosh , Pierre Portal

We prove the first positive results concerning boundary value problems in the upper half-space of second order parabolic systems only assuming measurability and some transversal regularity in the coefficients of the elliptic part. To do so,…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-07-03 Pascal Auscher , Moritz Egert , Kaj Nyström

We prove the Kato conjecture for elliptic operators, $L=-\nabla\cdot\left((\mathbf A+\mathbf D)\nabla\ \right)$, with $\mathbf A$ a complex measurable bounded coercive matrix and $\mathbf D$ a measurable real-valued skew-symmetric matrix in…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-12-29 Luis Escauriaza , Steve Hofmann

We consider perturbations of Dirac type operators on complete, connected metric spaces equipped with a doubling measure. Under a suitable set of assumptions, we prove quadratic estimates for such operators and hence deduce that these…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2014-01-23 Lashi Bandara

We solve the Kato square root problem for bounded measurable perturbations of subelliptic operators on connected Lie groups. The subelliptic operators are divergence form operators with complex bounded coefficients, which may have lower…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-03-09 Lashi Bandara , A. F. M. ter Elst , Alan McIntosh

We solve the Kato square root problem for divergence form operators on complete Riemannian manifolds that are embedded in Euclidean space with a bounded second fundamental form. We do this by proving local quadratic estimates for…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-02-26 Andrew J. Morris
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