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Commonly, AI or machine learning (ML) models are evaluated on benchmark datasets. This practice supports innovative methodological research, but benchmark performance can be poorly correlated with performance in real-world applications -- a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Olivier Binette , Jerome P. Reiter

In this paper, we investigate the challenges of complementary-label learning (CLL), a specialized form of weakly-supervised learning (WSL) where models are trained with labels indicating classes to which instances do not belong, rather than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Tan-Ha Mai , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Due to its ability to combine multiple base clusterings into a probably better and more robust clustering, the ensemble clustering technique has been attracting increasing attention in recent years. Despite the significant success, one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Dong Huang , Chang-Dong Wang , Jian-Huang Lai

Clustering is an essential data mining tool that aims to discover inherent cluster structure in data. For most applications, applying clustering is only appropriate when cluster structure is present. As such, the study of clusterability,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-30 A. Adolfsson , M. Ackerman , N. C. Brownstein

The integrity of AI benchmarks is fundamental to accurately assess the capabilities of AI systems. The internal validity of these benchmarks - i.e., making sure they are free from confounding factors - is crucial for ensuring that they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Lorenzo Pacchiardi , Marko Tesic , Lucy G. Cheke , José Hernández-Orallo

When approaching a clustering problem, choosing the right clustering algorithm and parameters is essential, as each clustering algorithm is proficient at finding clusters of a particular nature. Due to the unsupervised nature of clustering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Elizabeth Ditton , Anne Swinbourne , Trina Myers , Mitchell Scovell

While clustering is ubiquitously used across science and industry, uncertainty in cluster assignments is rarely quantified with rigorous guarantees. We propose a novel conformal inference framework for clustering that returns confidence…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-13 YoonHaeng Hur , Anirban Nath , Genevera Allen

Multi-label classification (MLC) is a generalization of standard classification where multiple labels may be assigned to a given sample. In the real world, it is more common to deal with noisy datasets than clean datasets, given how modern…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Wenting Zhao , Carla Gomes

Internal measures that are used to assess the quality of a clustering usually take into account intra-group and/or inter-group criteria. There are many papers in the literature that propose algorithms with provable approximation guarantees…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Eduardo S. Laber , Lucas Murtinho

Resume screening is perceived as a particularly suitable task for LLMs given their ability to analyze natural language; thus many entities rely on general purpose LLMs without further adapting them to the task. While researchers have shown…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jane Castleman , Zeyu Shen , Blossom Metevier , Max Springer , Aleksandra Korolova

Cluster analysis is used to explore structure in unlabeled data sets in a wide range of applications. An important part of cluster analysis is validating the quality of computationally obtained clusters. A large number of different internal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-10 Masud Moshtaghi , James C. Bezdek , Sarah M. Erfani , Christopher Leckie , James Bailey

This paper introduces the Stable Matching Based Pairing (SMBP) algorithm, a high-performance external validity index for clustering evaluation in large-scale datasets with a large number of clusters. SMBP leverages the stable matching…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Mohammad Yasin Karbasian , Ramin Javadi

Clustering is an unsupervised technique of Data Mining. It means grouping similar objects together and separating the dissimilar ones. Each object in the data set is assigned a class label in the clustering process using a distance measure.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2011-10-13 Parul Agarwal , M. Afshar Alam , Ranjit Biswas

In the AutoML domain, test accuracy is heralded as the quintessential metric for evaluating model efficacy, underpinning a wide array of applications from neural architecture search to hyperparameter optimization. However, the reliability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Pawel Pukowski , Haiping Lu

Clustering is an essential data mining tool that aims to discover inherent cluster structure in data. As such, the study of clusterability, which evaluates whether data possesses such structure, is an integral part of cluster analysis. Yet,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-24 Margareta Ackerman , Andreas Adolfsson , Naomi Brownstein

Despite the outstanding performance of large language models (LLMs) across various NLP tasks, hallucinations in LLMs--where LLMs generate inaccurate responses--remains as a critical problem as it can be directly connected to a crisis of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Minsuh Joo , Hyunsoo Cho

External validation is often recommended to ensure the generalizability of ML models. However, it neither guarantees generalizability nor equates to a model's clinical usefulness (the ultimate goal of any clinical decision-support tool).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Alex Youssef , Michael Pencina , Anshul Thakur , Tingting Zhu , David Clifton , Nigam H. Shah

In this paper, we advocate a novel measure for the purpose of checking the quality of a cluster partition for a sample into several distinct classes, and thus, determine the unknown value for the true number of clusters prevailing the…

Applications · Statistics 2024-04-12 Soumita Modak

One basic requirement of many studies is the necessity of classifying data. Clustering is a proposed method for summarizing networks. Clustering methods can be divided into two categories named model-based approaches and algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-02-19 Raheleh Namayandeh , Farzad Didehvar , Zahra Shojaei

Identifying the number $K$ of clusters in a dataset is one of the most difficult problems in clustering analysis. A choice of $K$ that correctly characterizes the features of the data is essential for building meaningful clusters. In this…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-06 Adriano Zanin Zambom , Julian A. Collazos , Ronaldo Dias