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To evaluate clustering results is a significant part of cluster analysis. Since there are no true class labels for clustering in typical unsupervised learning, many internal cluster validity indices (CVIs), which use predicted labels and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Shuyue Guan , Murray Loew

We present the first method for assessing the relevance of a model-based clustering result in a general framework. Standard validation criteria, like the adjusted Rand index, rely on external labels to assess partition accuracy;…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Salima El Kolei , Matthieu Marbac

In data analysis, unexpected results often prompt researchers to revisit their procedures to identify potential issues. While some researchers may struggle to identify the root causes, experienced researchers can often quickly diagnose…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-06 H. Sherry Zhang , Roger D. Peng

Large-scale deployment of smart meters has made it possible to collect sufficient and high-resolution data of residential electric demand profiles. Clustering analysis of these profiles is important to further analyze and comment on…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-02 Mayank Jain , Tarek AlSkaif , Soumyabrata Dev

Cross-validation plays a fundamental role in Machine Learning, enabling robust evaluation of model performance and preventing overestimation on training and validation data. However, one of its drawbacks is the potential to create data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Afonso Martini Spezia , Thomas Fontanari , Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza

Divergence from a random baseline is a technique for the evaluation of document clustering. It ensures cluster quality measures are performing work that prevents ineffective clusterings from giving high scores to clusterings that provide no…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-08-30 Christopher M. De Vries , Shlomo Geva , Andrew Trotman

Determining the appropriate number of clusters in unsupervised learning is a central problem in statistics and data science. Traditional validity indices such as Calinski-Harabasz, Silhouette, and Davies-Bouldin-depend on centroid-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-17 Mohammed Baragilly , Hend Gabr

Measuring graph clustering quality remains an open problem. To address it, we introduce quality measures based on comparisons of intra- and inter-cluster densities, an accompanying statistical test of the significance of their differences…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Pierre Miasnikof , Alexander Y. Shestopaloff , Anthony J. Bonner , Yuri Lawryshyn , Panos M. Pardalos

A measure of distance between two clusterings has important applications, including clustering validation and ensemble clustering. Generally, such distance measure provides navigation through the space of possible clusterings. Mostly used…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-09-01 Reihaneh Rabbany , Osmar R. Zaïane

A common way to evaluate the reliability of dimensionality reduction (DR) embeddings is to quantify how well labeled classes form compact, mutually separated clusters in the embeddings. This approach is based on the assumption that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Hyeon Jeon , Yun-Hsin Kuo , Michaël Aupetit , Kwan-Liu Ma , Jinwook Seo

A clustering is an implicit assignment of labels of points, based on proximity to other points. It is these labels that are then used for downstream analysis (either focusing on individual clusters, or identifying representatives of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-05-22 Parasaran Raman , Suresh Venkatasubramanian

There are various cluster validity indices used for evaluating clustering results. One of the main objectives of using these indices is to seek the optimal unknown number of clusters. Some indices work well for clusters with different…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-09 Nathakhun Wiroonsri

Many cluster similarity indices are used to evaluate clustering algorithms, and choosing the best one for a particular task remains an open problem. We demonstrate that this problem is crucial: there are many disagreements among the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Martijn Gösgens , Alexey Tikhonov , Liudmila Prokhorenkova

Purpose: The primary goal of this study is to explore the application of evaluation metrics to different clustering algorithms using the data provided from the Canadian Longitudinal Study (CLSA), focusing on cognitive features. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 ChenNingZhi Sheng

Clustering algorithms have long been the topic of research, representing the more popular side of unsupervised learning. Since clustering analysis is one of the best ways to find some clarity and structure within raw data, this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Naitik Gada

The evaluation of clustering algorithms can involve running them on a variety of benchmark problems, and comparing their outputs to the reference, ground-truth groupings provided by experts. Unfortunately, many research papers and graduate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Marek Gagolewski

Standard datasets are frequently used to train and evaluate Machine Learning models. However, the assumed standardness of these datasets leads to a lack of in-depth discussion on how their labels match the derived categories for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Tim Cech , Ole Wegen , Daniel Atzberger , Rico Richter , Willy Scheibel , Jürgen Döllner

In an interlaboratory key comparison, a data analysis procedure for this comparison was proposed and recommended by CIPM [1, 2, 3], therein the degrees of equivalence of measurement standards of the laboratories participated in the…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2011-12-14 Thang H. Le , Nguyen D. Do

A new interpoint distance-based measure is proposed to identify the optimal number of clusters present in a data set. Designed in nonparametric approach, it is independent of the distribution of given data. Interpoint distances between the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Soumita Modak

Quality assessments of models in unsupervised learning and clustering verification in particular have been a long-standing problem in the machine learning research. The lack of robust and universally applicable cluster validity scores often…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-30 Luzie Helfmann , Johannes von Lindheim , Mattes Mollenhauer , Ralf Banisch