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Bell's theorem, stating that quantum predictions are incompatible with a local hidden variable description, is a cornerstone of quantum theory and at the center of many quantum information processing protocols. Over the years, different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-27 I. S. Eliëns , S. G. A. Brito , R. Chaves

Self-testing is a method to certify devices from the result of a Bell test. Although examples of noise tolerant self-testing are known, it is not clear how to deal efficiently with a finite number of experimental trials to certify the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-03 Jean-Daniel Bancal , Kai Redeker , Pavel Sekatski , Wenjamin Rosenfeld , Nicolas Sangouard

Randomness is a fundamental feature in nature and a valuable resource for applications ranging from cryptography and gambling to numerical simulation of physical and biological systems. Random numbers, however, are difficult to characterize…

Quantum entanglement plays a crucial role in quantum information processing tasks and quantum mechanics, hence quantifying unknown entanglement is a fundamental task. However, this is also challenging, as entanglement cannot be measured by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-27 Xiaodie Lin , Zhenyu Chen , Zhaohui Wei

Bell nonlocality between distant quantum systems---i.e., joint correlations which violate a Bell inequality---can be verified without trusting the measurement devices used, nor those performing the measurements. This leads to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-16 Sacha Kocsis , Michael J. W. Hall , Adam J. Bennet , Dylan J. Saunders , G. J. Pryde

The state obtained when a single photon impinges on a balanced beamsplitter is often known as single-photon entangled and its nonlocal properties have been the subject of intense debates in the quantum optics and foundations communities. It…

We consider entanglement-based quantum networks where information is stored in a delocalized way within regions or the whole network. This offers a natural protection against failure of network nodes, loss and decoherence, and has built-in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-20 Jorge Miguel-Ramiro , Wolfgang Dür

Entanglement is a key property in the development of quantum technologies and in the study of quantum many-body simulations. However, entanglement measurement typically requires quantum full-state tomography (FST). Here we present a neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-20 Yulei Huang , Liangyu Che , Chao Wei , Feng Xu , Xinfang Nie , Jun Li , Dawei Lu , Tao Xin

It is a well-known fact that measurement incompatibility is a necessary resource to generate nonlocal correlations in usual Bell scenario that typically involves single quantum source. We can provide with some contrasting findings if we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Kaushiki Mukherjee , Biswajit Paul

Device-independent randomness certification based on Bell nonlocality does not require any assumptions about the devices and therefore provides adequate security. Great effort has been made to demonstrate that nonlocality is necessary for…

We introduce probability estimation, a broadly applicable framework to certify randomness in a finite sequence of measurement results without assuming that these results are independent and identically distributed. Probability estimation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-30 Yanbao Zhang , Emanuel Knill , Peter Bierhorst

Quantum random number generation (QRNG) is a resource that is a necessity in the field of cryptography. However, its certification has been challenging. In this article, we certify randomness with the aid of quantum entanglement in a device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Vardaan Mongia , Abhishek Kumar , Shashi Prabhakar , Anindya Banerji , R. P. Singh

In a quantum network, distant observers sharing physical resources emitted by independent sources can establish strong correlations, which defy any classical explanation in terms of local variables. We discuss the characterization of…

Quantum nonlocality without entanglement (Q-NWE) encapsulates nonlocal behavior of multipartite product states as they may entail global operation for optimal decoding of the classical information encoded within. Here we show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-25 Some Sankar Bhattacharya , Sutapa Saha , Tamal Guha , Manik Banik

We exhibit an orthogonal set of product states of two three-state particles that nevertheless cannot be reliably distinguished by a pair of separated observers ignorant of which of the states has been presented to them, even if the…

We introduce a hitherto unexplored form of quantum nonlocality, termed local subset unidentifiability, that arises from the limitation of spatially separated parties to perfectly identify a subset of mutually orthogonal multipartite quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Pratik Ghosal , Arkaprabha Ghosal , Subhendu B. Ghosh , Amit Mukherjee

Quantum nonlocality and contextuality are two phenomena stemming from nonclassical correlations. Whereas the former requires entanglement that is consumed in the measurement process the latter can occur for any state if one chooses a proper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-11 Marek Wajs , Su-Yong Lee , Pawel Kurzynski , Dagomir Kaszlikowski

The question of certifying quantum nonlocality under a relaxation of the assumptions in the Bell theorem has gained traction, with potential for device-independent applications under weak seeds and cross-talk. Recently, it was shown that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Ravishankar Ramanathan , Yuan Liu

The use of Bell's theorem in any application or experiment relies on the assumption of free choice or, more precisely, measurement independence, meaning that the measurements can be chosen freely. Here, we prove that even in the simplest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-25 Gilles Pütz , Denis Rosset , Tomer Jack Barnea , Yeong-Cherng Liang , Nicolas Gisin

Based on the quantum violation of suitable $n$-local inequality in a star network for arbitrary $m$ inputs, we demonstrate the sharing of nonlocality in the network. Such a network features an arbitrary $n$ number of independent sources,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Rahul Kumar , A. K. Pan