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Previous theoretical works showed that all pure two-qubit entangled states can generate one bit of local randomness and can be self-tested through the violation of proper Bell inequalities. We report an experiment in which nearly pure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-14 S. Gómez , A. Mattar , I. Machuca , E. S. Gómez , D. Cavalcanti , O. Jiménez Farías , A. Acín , G. Lima

Given a pair of isolated devices that accept random binary inputs and return binary outputs, a user can deduce from the observed data alone if the underlying mechanism can be explained classically. Bell's theorem further states that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Kuntal Sengupta , Lewis Wooltorton

Quantum nonlocality is arguably among the most counter-intuitive phenomena predicted by quantum theory. In recent years, the development of an abstract theory of nonlocality has brought a much deeper understanding of the subject. In…

Quantum technologies offer significant advancements in information processing and communication, notably in the domain of random number generation (RNG). The use of Bell inequalities enables users to certify the randomness of outputs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Robert Okuła , Piotr Mironowicz

Quantum networking relies on entanglement distribution between distant nodes, typically realized by swapping procedures. However, entanglement swapping is a demanding task in practice, mainly because of limited effectiveness of entangled…

Randomness is a very important resource for cryptography, algorithms, and scientific simulations. Since all classical processes are considered to be intrinsically deterministic, we must build quantum random number generators which utilize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-08 Xing Chen , Minsik Kwon , Vadim Vorobyov , Jörg Wrachtrup , Ilja Gerhardt

Two distant systems can exhibit quantum nonlocality even though the correlations between them admit a local model. This nonlocality can be revealed by testing extra correlations between successive measurements on one of the systems which do…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-20 Adan Cabello

Quantum nonlocality is usually associated with entangled states by their violations of Bell-type inequalities. However, even unentangled systems, whose parts may have been prepared separately, can show nonlocal properties. In particular, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-06 Saronath Halder , Manik Banik , Sristy Agrawal , Somshubhro Bandyopadhyay

According to quantum theory, the outcomes obtained by measuring an entangled state necessarily exhibit some randomness if they violate a Bell inequality. In particular, a maximal violation of the CHSH inequality guarantees that 1.23 bits of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-23 Antonio Acin , Serge Massar , Stefano Pironio

Multipartite entangled states are a fundamental resource for a wide range of quantum information processing tasks. In particular, in quantum networks it is essential for the parties involved to be able to verify if entanglement is present…

Quantum mechanics admits correlations that cannot be explained by local realistic models. Those most studied are the standard local hidden variable models, which satisfy the well-known Bell inequalities. To date, most works have focused on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-01 Dylan J. Saunders , Adam J. Bennet , Cyril Branciard , Geoff J. Pryde

The multipartite nonlocality provides deep insights into the fundamental feature of quantum mechanics and guarantees different degrees of cryptography security for potential applications in the quantum internet. Verifying multipartite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-24 Ming-Xing Luo , Shao-Ming Fei

According to recent new definitions, a multi-party behavior is genuinely multipartite nonlocal (GMNL) if it cannot be modeled by measurements on an underlying network of bipartite-only nonlocal resources, possibly supplemented with local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-06 Peter Bierhorst , Jitendra Prakash

We introduce the concept of entropic nonsignaling correlations, i.e., entropies arising from probabilistic theories that are compatible with the fact that we cannot transmit information instantaneously. We characterize and show the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-16 Rafael Chaves , Costantino Budroni

Bell's theorem shows that correlations created by a single entangled quantum state cannot be reproduced classically. Such correlations are called Nonlocal. They are the elementary manifestation of a broader phenomenon called Network…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-15 Marc-Olivier Renou , Salman Beigi

Quantum randomness can be certified from probabilistic behaviors demonstrating Bell nonlocality or Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering, leveraging outcomes from uncharacterized devices. However, such nonlocal correlations are not always…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Yi Li , Yu Xiang , Jordi Tura , Qiongyi He

Network nonlocality exhibits completely novel quantum correlations compared to standard quantum nonlocality. It has been shown that network nonlocality can be shared in a generalized bilocal scenario via weak measurements [Phys. Rev. A.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-18 Jian-Hui Wang , Ya-Jie Wang , Liu-Jun Wang , Qing Chen

Quantum technologies promise information processing and communication technology advancements, including random number generation (RNG). Using Bell inequalities, a user of a quantum RNG hardware can certify that the values provided by an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Robert Okuła , Piotr Mironowicz

Large-scale quantum networks have been employed to overcome practical constraints of transmissions and storage for single entangled systems. Our goal in this article is to explore the strong entanglement distribution of quantum networks. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-18 Xue Yang , Yan-Han Yang , Ming-Xing Luo

Quantum networks, which can exceed the framework of standard bell theorem, flourish the investigation of quantum nonlocality further. Recently, a concept of full quantum network nonlocality (FNN) which is stronger than network nonlocality,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-16 Zinuo Cai , Changliang Ren