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Existing multimodal stress/pain recognition approaches generally extract features from different modalities independently and thus ignore cross-modality correlations. This paper proposes a novel geometric framework for multimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Yujin WU , Mohamed Daoudi , Ali Amad , Laurent Sparrow , Fabien D'Hondt

Symbolic regression (SR) seeks closed-form mathematical expressions that fit observed data. Neural SR methods amortize the search by training an encoder to map observations directly to expressions in a single pass, but this amortized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xieting Chu , Sriram Vishwanath , Vijay Ganesh

Symbolic Regression (SR) is a powerful technique for discovering interpretable mathematical expressions. However, benchmarking SR methods remains challenging due to the diversity of algorithms, datasets, and evaluation criteria. In this…

Many recent studies focus on developing mechanisms to explain the black-box behaviors of neural networks (NNs). However, little work has been done to extract the potential hidden semantics (mathematical representation) of a neural network.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Yuanzhen Luo , Qiang Lu , Xilei Hu , Jake Luo , Zhiguang Wang

Symbolic regression seeks to uncover physical laws from experimental data by searching for closed-form expressions, which is an important task in AI-driven scientific discovery. Yet the exponential growth of the search space of expression…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Nan Jiang , Ziyi Wang , Yexiang Xue

Super-resolution (SR) techniques aim to enhance data resolution, enabling the retrieval of finer details, and improving the overall quality and fidelity of the data representation. There is growing interest in applying SR methods to complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Pu Ren , N. Benjamin Erichson , Junyi Guo , Shashank Subramanian , Omer San , Zarija Lukic , Michael W. Mahoney

[RETRACTED]Data increasingly abounds, but distilling their underlying relationships down to something interpretable remains challenging. One approach is genetic programming, which `symbolically regresses' a data set down into an equation.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Amanda Bertschinger , James Bagrow , Joshua Bongard

Symbolic Regression (SR) plays a central role in scientific knowledge discovery by distilling mathematical equations from observational data. Most existing SR methods function within a bi-level optimization framework: an outer loop that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Boxiao Wang , Kai Li , Zhiwei Chen , Yang Huang , Runxiang Wang , Ziwen Zhang , Yifan Zhang , Jian Cheng

We consider the problem of learning free-form symbolic expressions from raw data, such as that produced by an experiment in any scientific domain. Accurate and interpretable models of scientific phenomena are the cornerstone of scientific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Nikos Arechiga , Francine Chen , Yan-Ying Chen , Yanxia Zhang , Rumen Iliev , Heishiro Toyoda , Kent Lyons

We propose a novel deep symbolic regression approach to enhance the robustness and interpretability of data-driven mathematical expression discovery. Our work is aligned with the popular DSR framework which focuses on learning a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zachary Bastiani , Robert M. Kirby , Jacob Hochhalter , Shandian Zhe

Symbolic Regression is the study of algorithms that automate the search for analytic expressions that fit data. While recent advances in deep learning have generated renewed interest in such approaches, the development of symbolic…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-27 Wassim Tenachi , Rodrigo Ibata , Foivos I. Diakogiannis

Scientific Machine Learning (SciML) is a recently emerged research field which combines physics-based and data-driven models for the numerical approximation of differential problems. Physics-based models rely on the physical understanding…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-04 Alfio Quarteroni , Paola Gervasio , Francesco Regazzoni

The advent of Scientific Machine Learning has heralded a transformative era in scientific discovery, driving progress across diverse domains. Central to this progress is uncovering scientific laws from experimental data through symbolic…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-25 Somjit Roy , Pritam Dey , Debdeep Pati , Bani K. Mallick

LLM-based equation discovery offers a promising route to recovering symbolic laws from data, but many systems still rely on generation-centered loops that propose candidates, fit parameters, score results, and reuse selected examples. Such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiarui Su , Songjun Tu , Bei Sun , Xiaojun Liang

The discovery of constitutive laws for complex materials has historically faced a dichotomy between high-fidelity data-driven approaches, which demand prohibitive full-field experimental data, and traditional engineering fitting, which…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yue Wu , Tianhao Su , Mingchuan Zhao , Shunbo Hu , Deng Pan

Most computer algebra systems (CAS) support symbolic integration as core functionality. The majority of the integration packages use a combination of heuristic algebraic and rule-based (integration table) methods. In this paper, we present…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Shahriar Iravanian , Carl Julius Martensen , Alessandro Cheli , Shashi Gowda , Anand Jain , Yingbo Ma , Chris Rackauckas

Scientific documents contain complex multimodal structures, which makes evidence localization and scientific reasoning in Document Visual Question Answering particularly challenging. However, most existing benchmarks evaluate models only at…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenhan Yu , Zhaoxi Zhang , Wang Chen , Guanqiang Qi , Weikang Li , Lei Sha , Deguo Xia , Jizhou Huang

Here we present Symplectically Integrated Symbolic Regression (SISR), a novel technique for learning physical governing equations from data. SISR employs a deep symbolic regression approach, using a multi-layer LSTM-RNN with mutation to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Daniel M. DiPietro , Bo Zhu

Discovering the underlying mathematical expressions describing a dataset is a core challenge for artificial intelligence. This is the problem of $\textit{symbolic regression}$. Despite recent advances in training neural networks to solve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Brenden K. Petersen , Mikel Landajuela , T. Nathan Mundhenk , Claudio P. Santiago , Soo K. Kim , Joanne T. Kim

Symbolic regression (SR), the task of discovering mathematical expressions that best describe a given dataset, remains a fundamental challenge in scientific discovery. Traditional approaches, primarily based on genetic algorithms and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Hao Liu , Xiao-Wen Yang , Atharva Sehgal , Yixin Wang , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li , Yisong Yue