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Quality Estimation (QE) models for Neural Machine Translation (NMT) predict the quality of the hypothesis without having access to the reference. An emerging research direction in NMT involves the use of QE models, which have demonstrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sai Koneru , Matthias Huck , Miriam Exel , Jan Niehues

Quality Estimation (QE) plays an essential role in applications of Machine Translation (MT). Traditionally, a QE system accepts the original source text and translation from a black-box MT system as input. Recently, a few studies indicate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Ke Wang , Yangbin Shi , Jiayi Wang , Yuqi Zhang , Yu Zhao , Xiaolin Zheng

Reinforcement learning has shown great promise in aligning language models with human preferences in a variety of text generation tasks, including machine translation. For translation tasks, rewards can easily be obtained from quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Gahyun Yoo , Jay Yoon Lee

In this report, we present our submission to the WMT 2022 Metrics Shared Task. We build our system based on the core idea of UNITE (Unified Translation Evaluation), which unifies source-only, reference-only, and source-reference-combined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Yu Wan , Keqin Bao , Dayiheng Liu , Baosong Yang , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao , Wenqiang Lei , Jun Xie

Quality estimation (QE) reranking is a form of quality-aware decoding which aims to improve machine translation (MT) by scoring and selecting the best candidate from a pool of generated translations. While known to be effective at the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Krzysztof Mrozinski , Minji Kang , Ahmed Khota , Vincent Michael Sutanto , Giovanni Gatti De Giacomo

This preliminary study investigates the usefulness of sentence-level Quality Estimation (QE) in English-Chinese Machine Translation Post-Editing (MTPE), focusing on its impact on post-editing speed and student translators' perceptions. It…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Siqi Liu , Guangrong Dai , Dechao Li

We introduce the submissions of the NJUNLP team to the WMT 2023 Quality Estimation (QE) shared task. Our team submitted predictions for the English-German language pair on all two sub-tasks: (i) sentence- and word-level quality prediction;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Xiang Geng , Zhejian Lai , Yu Zhang , Shimin Tao , Hao Yang , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

We hypothesize that existing sentence-level machine translation (MT) metrics become less effective when the human reference contains ambiguities. To verify this hypothesis, we present a very simple method for extending pretrained metrics to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Giorgos Vernikos , Brian Thompson , Prashant Mathur , Marcello Federico

We present the task of PreQuEL, Pre-(Quality-Estimation) Learning. A PreQuEL system predicts how well a given sentence will be translated, without recourse to the actual translation, thus eschewing unnecessary resource allocation when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Shachar Don-Yehiya , Leshem Choshen , Omri Abend

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated excellent performance on Machine Translation Quality Estimation (MTQE), yet their high inference costs make them impractical for direct application. In this work, we propose applying LLMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Sidi Wang , Sophie Arnoult , Amir Kamran

Word-level Quality Estimation (QE) of Machine Translation (MT) aims to find out potential translation errors in the translated sentence without reference. Typically, conventional works on word-level QE are designed to predict the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Zhen Yang , Fandong Meng , Yuanmeng Yan , Jie Zhou

Quality estimation is omnipresent in machine translation, for both evaluation and generation. Unfortunately, quality estimation models are often opaque and computationally expensive, making them impractical to be part of large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Vilém Zouhar , Maike Züfle , Beni Egressy , Julius Cheng , Mrinmaya Sachan , Jan Niehues

Several neural-based metrics have been recently proposed to evaluate machine translation quality. However, all of them resort to point estimates, which provide limited information at segment level. This is made worse as they are trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Taisiya Glushkova , Chrysoula Zerva , Ricardo Rei , André F. T. Martins

Most studies on word-level Quality Estimation (QE) of machine translation focus on language-specific models. The obvious disadvantages of these approaches are the need for labelled data for each language pair and the high cost required to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Tharindu Ranasinghe , Constantin Orasan , Ruslan Mitkov

Quality Estimation (QE) is an important component in making Machine Translation (MT) useful in real-world applications, as it is aimed to inform the user on the quality of the MT output at test time. Existing approaches require large…

We present COMET, a neural framework for training multilingual machine translation evaluation models which obtains new state-of-the-art levels of correlation with human judgements. Our framework leverages recent breakthroughs in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Ricardo Rei , Craig Stewart , Ana C Farinha , Alon Lavie

In this paper, we introduce the Eval4NLP-2021shared task on explainable quality estimation. Given a source-translation pair, this shared task requires not only to provide a sentence-level score indicating the overall quality of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Marina Fomicheva , Piyawat Lertvittayakumjorn , Wei Zhao , Steffen Eger , Yang Gao

We present IntelliCAT, an interactive translation interface with neural models that streamline the post-editing process on machine translation output. We leverage two quality estimation (QE) models at different granularities: sentence-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Dongjun Lee , Junhyeong Ahn , Heesoo Park , Jaemin Jo

Sentence level quality estimation (QE) for machine translation (MT) attempts to predict the translation edit rate (TER) cost of post-editing work required to correct MT output. We describe our view on sentence-level QE as dictated by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Junpei Zhou , Ciprian Chelba , Yuezhang , Li

Word-level quality estimation (QE) methods aim to detect erroneous spans in machine translations, which can direct and facilitate human post-editing. While the accuracy of word-level QE systems has been assessed extensively, their usability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Gabriele Sarti , Vilém Zouhar , Grzegorz Chrupała , Ana Guerberof-Arenas , Malvina Nissim , Arianna Bisazza