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The time-dependent modulation of galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere is studied by computing intensities using a time-dependent modulation model. By introducing recent theoretical advances in the transport coefficients in the model,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 Rex Manuel , Stefan Ferreira , Marius Potgieter

Interstellar dust (ISD) particles penetrate the solar system due to the relative motion of the Sun and the local interstellar cloud. Before entering the heliosphere, they pass through the heliospheric interface - the region of the solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-02 E. A. Godenko , V. V. Izmodenov

Ambitious satellite constellation projects by commercial entities and the ease of access to space in recent times have led to a dramatic proliferation of low-Earth space traffic. It jeopardizes space safety and long-term sustainability,…

Analysis of interstellar absorption lines observed in high-resolution {\em HST} spectra of nearby stars provides temperatures, turbulent velocities, and kinetic properties of warm interstellar clouds. Previous studies identified 15 warm…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-08-31 Jeffrey L. Linsky , Seth Redfield , Diana Ryder , Adina Chasan-Taber

We present hydrodynamic simulations of high-velocity clouds (HVCs) traveling through the hot, tenuous medium in the Galactic halo. A suite of models was created using the FLASH hydrodynamics code, sampling various cloud sizes, densities,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-28 Kyujin Kwak , David B. Henley , Robin L. Shelton

Aims. Based on measurements by the Ulysses spacecraft and high-resolution modelling of the motion of interstellar dust (ISD) through the heliosphere we predict the ISD flow in the inner planetary system and on to the Earth. This is the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-09 Peter Strub , Veerle J. Sterken , Rachel Soja , Harald Krüger , Eberhard Grün , Ralf Srama

Due to our vantage point in the disk of the Galaxy, its 3D structure is not directly accessible. However, knowing the spatial distribution, e.g. of atomic and molecular hydrogen gas is of great importance for interpreting and modelling…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-09-26 Laurin Söding , Philipp Mertsch , Vo Hong Minh Phan

We present a reconstruction of the line-of-sight motions of the local interstellar medium (ISM) based on the combination of a model of the three-dimensional dust density distribution within 1.25 kpc from the Sun and the HI and CO line…

The Drag-based Model (DBM) is a 2D analytical model for heliospheric propagation of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) in ecliptic plane predicting the CME arrival time and speed at Earth or any other given target in the solar system. It is…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-11 Jaša Čalogović , Mateja Dumbović , Davor Sudar , Bojan Vršnak , Karmen Martinić , Manuela Temmer , Astrid Veronig

The increasing volume of space objects in Earth's orbit presents a significant challenge for Space Situational Awareness (SSA). And in particular, accurate orbit prediction is crucial to anticipate the position and velocity of space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Francisco Caldas , Cláudia Soares

Gravitational lensing time delays depend upon the Hubble constant and the density distribution of the lensing galaxies. This allows one to either model the lens and estimate the Hubble constant, or to use a prior on the Hubble constant from…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Benjamin M. Dobke , Lindsay J. King

This paper presents an analytical model for collision probability assessments between de-orbiting or injecting space objects and satellite constellations. Considering the first to be subjected to a continuous tangential acceleration, its…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-15 Eduardo Maria Polli , Juan Luis Gonzalo , Camilla Colombo

Over the course of its motion through the Galaxy, our solar system has encountered many interstellar environments of varying characteristics. Interstellar medium (ISM) density variations spanning seven orders of magnitude are commonly seen…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Katherine Wyman , Seth Redfield

With the rapid advancement of aerospace technology and the large-scale deployment of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, the challenges facing astronomical observations and deep space exploration have become increasingly…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-17 Zhixin Guo , Qi Shi , Xiaofan Xu , Sixiang Shan , Limin Qin , Linqiang Ge , Rui Zhang , Ya Dai , Hua Zhu , Guowei Jiang

The solar system is moving through the partially ionized local interstellar cloud (LIC). The ionized matter of the LIC interacts with the expanding solar wind forming the heliospheric interface. The neutral component (interstellar atoms)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 V. V. Izmodenov , J. Geiss , R. Lallement , G. Gloeckler , V. B. Baranov , Y. G. Malama

Thanks to space-borne experiments of cosmic-ray (CR) detection, such as the AMS and PAMELA missions in low-Earth orbit, or the Voyager-1 spacecraft in the interstellar space, a large collection of multi-channel and time-resolved CR data has…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-07-01 Nicola Tomassetti , Fernando Barão , Bruna Bertucci , Emanuele Fiandrini , Miguel Orcinha

The intensity and energy spectrum of energetic charged radiation in the heliosphere are significantly influenced by solar activity. This phenomenon is known as solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays. As interplanetary travel becomes a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-16 Miguel Orcinha , Fernando Barão , Bruna Bertucci , Emanuele Fiandrini , David Pelosi , Nicola Tomassetti

Two major issues in the specification of the thermospheric density are the definition of proper solar inputs and the empirical modeling of thermosphere response to solar and to geomagnetic forcings. This specification is crucial for the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-10-10 T. Dudok de Wit , S. Bruinsma

Nanosatellites, and especially CubeSats, at low earth orbits (LEOs) are a low cost option for monitoring atmospheric and environmental conditions around Earth. For instance, data for weather forecast reports can be obtained periodically…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-19 D. J. Cubillos Jara , J. A. Soliz Torrico , O. L. Ramírez Suárez

The low equilibrium temperatures of temperate sub-Neptunes lead to extremely long chemical timescales in their upper atmospheres, causing the abundances of chemical species to be strongly shaped by atmospheric transport. Here, we used a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-04 Jiachen Liu , Duncan Christie , Jun Yang