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The layered spiral magnet Cs2CuCl4 displays several interesting properties that have been suggested as evidence of proximity to a two dimensional quantum spin liquid. In this paper we study a concrete version of this proposal and suggest…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-11 S. V. Isakov , T. Senthil , Yong Baek Kim

We report a $^{35}$Cl nuclear magnetic resonance study in the honeycomb lattice, $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$, a material that has been suggested to potentially realize a Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL) ground state. Our results provide direct…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-07-26 S. -H. Baek , S. -H. Do , K. -Y. Choi , Y. S. Kwon , A. U. B. Wolter , S. Nishimoto , Jeroen van den Brink , B. Büchner

The frustrated magnet $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ constitutes a fascinating quantum material platform that harbors the intriguing Kitaev physics. However, a consensus on its intricate spin interactions and field-induced quantum phases has not been…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-07-16 Han Li , Hao-Kai Zhang , Jiucai Wang , Han-Qing Wu , Yuan Gao , Dai-Wei Qu , Zheng-Xin Liu , Shou-Shu Gong , Wei Li

$\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ is a leading candidate material for theobservation of physics related to the Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL). By combined susceptibility, specific-heat, and nuclear-magnetic-resonance measurements, we demonstrate that…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-12-12 Jiacheng Zheng , Kejing Ran , Tianrun Li , Jinghui Wang , Pengshuai Wang , Bin Liu , Zhengxin Liu , B. Normand , Jinsheng Wen , Weiqiang Yu

Currently under active study in condensed matter physics, both theoretically and experimentally, are quantum spin liquid (QSL) states, in which no long-range magnetic ordering appears at low temperatures due to strong quantum fluctuations…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-07-04 Ruidan Zhong , Shu Guo , Guangyong Xu , Zhijun Xu , Robert J. Cava

Quantum spin liquid (QSL) has become an exciting topic in interacting spin systems that do not order magnetically down to the lowest experimentally accessible temperature; however, conclusive experimental evidence remains lacking. Motivated…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-10-26 Saikat Banerjee , Wei Zhu , Shi-Zeng Lin

Recent experiments on Ce$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$ suggest that this material may host a novel form of quantum spin ice, a three-dimensional quantum spin liquid with an emergent photon. The Ce$^{3+}$ local moments on the pyrochlore lattice are…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-01-26 Masashi Hosoi , Emily Z. Zhang , Adarsh S. Patri , Yong Baek Kim

The magnetic pyrochlore oxide materials of general chemical formula R2Ti2O7 and R2Sn2O7 (R = rare earth) display a host of interesting physical behaviours depending on the flavour of rare earth ion. These properties depend on the value of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-24 Adrian G. Del Maestro , Michel J. P. Gingras

Identifying the elusive spinon excitations in quantum spin liquid (QSL) materials is what scientists have long sought for. Recently, thermal conductivity ($\kappa$) has emerged to be a decisive probe because the fermionic nature of spinons…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-05-24 N. Li , A. Brassington , M. F. Shu , Y. Y. Wang , H. Liang , Q. J. Li , X. Zhao , P. J. Baker , H. Kikuchi , T. Masuda , G. Duan , C. Liu , H. Wang , W. Xie , R. Zhong , J. Ma , R. Yu , H. D. Zhou , X. F. Sun

For nearly three decades frustrated magnetism research in three dimensions (3D) has centered on the pyrochlore geometry of corner-sharing tetrahedra and the classical spin liquid (CSL) known as spin ice. In this work, we propose that a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-16 Matthew Stern , Michael D. Burke , Michel J. P. Gingras , Judit Romhányi , Kristian Tyn Kai Chung

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) represent exotic states of matter where quantum spins interact strongly yet evade long-range magnetic order down to absolute zero. Characterized by non-local quantum entanglement and resultant fractionalized…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-12-05 Yuji Matsuda , Takasada Shibauchi , Hae-Young Kee

PbCuTe$_2$O$_6$ is considered as one of the rare candidate materials for a three-dimensional quantum spin liquid (QSL). This assessment was based on the results of various magnetic experiments, performed mainly on polycrystalline material.…

Quantum spin liquid represents an intriguing state where electron spins are highly entangled yet spin fluctuation persists even at 0 K. Recently, the hexaaluminates \textit{R}MgAl$_{11}$O$_{19}$ (\textit{R} = rare earth) have been proposed…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-04-01 Yantao Cao , Akihiro Koda , M. D. Le , V. Pomjakushin , Benqiong Liu , Zhendong Fu , Zhiwei Li , Jinkui Zhao , Zhaoming Tian , Hanjie Guo

The existence of a quantum spin liquid (QSL) in which quantum fluctuations of spins are sufficiently strong to preclude spin ordering down to zero temperature was originally proposed theoretically more than 40 years ago, but its…

The layered triangular lattice owing to $1:2$ order of $B$ and $B'$ sites in the triple perovskite $A_3 B B'_2$O$_9$ family provides an enticing domain for exploring the complex phenomena of quantum spin liquids (QSLs). We report a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-08-07 K. Bhattacharya , S. Mohanty , A. D. Hillier , M. T. F. Telling , R. Nath , M. Majumder

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are highly entangled, disordered magnetic states that arise in frustrated Mott insulators and host exotic fractional excitations such as spinons and chargons. Despite being charge insulators some QSLs are…

A quantum spin liquid (QSL) is an exotic quantum state of matter characterized by fluctuating spins which may exhibit long-range entanglement. Among the possible host candidates for a QSL ground state, the $S$=1/2 kagome lattice…

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) host exotic fractionalized magnetic and gauge-field excitations whose microscopic origins and experimental verification remain frustratingly elusive. In the absence of static magnetic order, the spin excitation…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-31 Jiahang Hu , Runze Chi , Yibin Guo , B. Normand , Hai-Jun Liao , T. Xiang

This article is an introductory review of the physics of quantum spin liquid (QSL) states. Quantum magnetism is a rapidly evolving field, and recent developments reveal that the ground states and low-energy physics of frustrated spin…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-04-21 Yi Zhou , Kazushi Kanoda , Tai-Kai Ng

The three-dimensional frustrated spin lattice in MgCrGaO4, where Cr3+ ions occupy a pyrochlore-like network, exemplifies a quantum magnet with competing interactions, macroscopic degeneracy, and exotic low-energy excitations. Using…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-17 U. Jena , S. Kundu , Suheon Lee , Q. Faure , F. Damay , S. Rols , Adam Berlie , S. Petit , Kwang-Yong Choi , P. Khuntia