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A quantum random-number generator (QRNG) can theoretically generate unpredictable random numbers with perfect devices and is an ideal and secure source of random numbers for cryptography. However, the practical implementations always…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-27 Weinan Huang , Yi-Chen Zhang , Ziyong Zheng , Yang Li , Bingjie Xu , Song Yu

We propose and demonstrate a technique for quantum random number generation based on the random population of the output spatial modes of a beam splitter when both inputs are simultaneously fed with indistinguishable weak coherent states.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-19 T. Ferreira da Silva , G. B. Xavier , G. C. Amaral , G. P. Temporão , J. P. von der Weid

Quantum random number generation is a technique to generate random numbers by extracting randomness from specific quantum processes. As for practical random number generators, they are required not only to have no information leakage but…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Zehao Zhao , Xiongfeng Ma , Hongyi Zhou

Random numbers are a fundamental resource in science and technology. Among the different approaches to generating them, random numbers created by exploiting the laws of quantum mechanics have proven to be reliable and can be produced at…

In recent decades, quantum technologies have made significant strides toward achieving quantum utility. However, practical applications are hindered by challenges related to scaling the number of qubits and the depth of circuits. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Pingal Pratyush Nath , Aninda Sinha , Urbasi Sinha

The integration of quantum communication functions often requires dedicated opto-electronic components that do not bode well with the technology roadmaps of telecom systems. We investigate the capability of commercial coherent transceiver…

Quality randomness is fundamental to cryptographic operations but on embedded systems good sources are (seemingly) hard to find. Rather than use expensive custom hardware, our ERHARD-RNG Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) utilizes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Jacob Grycel , Robert J. Walls

In this paper we propose a new ternary QRNG based on measuring located value indefinite observables with probabilities $1/4, 1/2,1/4$ and prove that every sequence generated is maximally unpredictable, 3-bi-immune (a stronger form of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-22 José Manuel Agüero Trejo , Cristian S. Calude

We present the realization of a physical quantum random number generator based on the process of splitting a beam of photons on a beam splitter, a quantum mechanical source of true randomness. By utilizing either a beam splitter or a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Thomas Jennewein , Ulrich Achleitner , Gregor Weihs , Harald Weinfurter , Anton Zeilinger

Random bit generators (RBGs) are key components of a variety of information processing applications ranging from simulations to cryptography. In particular, cryptographic systems require "strong" RBGs that produce high-entropy bit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Fiorentino , C. M. Santori , S. M. Spillane , W. J. Munro , R. G. Beausoleil

The application for random numbers is ubiquitous. We experimentally build a well-studied quantum random number generator from homodyne measurements on the quadrature of the vacuum fluctuations. Semi-device-independence in this random number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-09 Megha Shrivastava , Mohit Mittal , Isha Kumari , Venkat Abhignan

We present a new version of TRQS package for Mathematica computing system. The package allows harnessing quantum random number generators (QRNG) for investigating the statistical properties of quantum states. It implements a number of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2012-10-15 J. A. Miszczak

True random number generators (TRNG) sample random physical processes to create large amounts of random numbers for various use cases, including security-critical cryptographic primitives, scientific simulations, machine learning…

Quantum random-number generators (QRNGs) can offer a means to generate information-theoretically provable random numbers, in principle. In practice, unfortunately, the quantum randomness is inevitably mixed with classical randomness due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-25 Xiongfeng Ma , Feihu Xu , He Xu , Xiaoqing Tan , Bing Qi , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum random number generators (QRNG) represent an advanced solution for randomness generation, essential in every cryptographic applications. In this context, integrated arrays of single photon detectors have promising applications as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-24 Davide G. Marangon , Giuseppe Vallone , Ugo Zanforlin , Paolo Villoresi

High quality random numbers are necessary in the modern world. Ranging from encryption keys in cyber security to models and simulations for scientific use: it's important that these random numbers are of high quality and quickly attainable.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Dmitriy Beznosko , Keith Driscoll , Fernando Guadarrama , Steven Mai , Nikolas Thornton

Generating high-quality random numbers with a Gaussian probability distribution function is an important and resource consuming computational task for many applications in the fields of machine learning and Monte Carlo algorithms. Recently,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Punyashloka Debashis , Hai Li , Dmitri Nikonov , Ian Young

Quantum mechanics provides means of generating genuine randomness that is impossible with deterministic classical processes. Remarkably, the unpredictability of randomness can be certified in a self-testing manner that is independent of…

Randomness is an essential resource and plays important roles in various applications ranging from cryptography to simulation of complex systems. Certified randomness from quantum process is ensured to have the element of privacy but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-14 Jinfang Zhang , Yi Li , Mengyu Zhao , Dongmei Han , Jun Liu , Meihong Wang , Qihuang Gong , Yu Xiang , Qiongyi He , Xiaolong Su

Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) serve as high-entropy sources for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems. However, the raw data from these quantum sources require post-processing to achieve a nearly uniform distribution. This work…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Shubham Chouhan , Anurag K. S. V. , G. Raghavan , Kanaka Raju P