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We introduce a saliency-based distortion layer for convolutional neural networks that helps to improve the spatial sampling of input data for a given task. Our differentiable layer can be added as a preprocessing block to existing task…

Transparent objects are a very challenging problem in computer vision. They are hard to segment or classify due to their lack of precise boundaries, and there is limited data available for training deep neural networks. As such, current…

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an advanced sensing modality that simultaneously captures spatial and spectral information, enabling non-invasive, label-free analysis of material, chemical, and biological properties. This Primer presents a…

This study presents an integrated approach for advancing functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging through the synthesis of data and application of machine learning models. By addressing the scarcity of high-quality…

Hyperspectral imaging is one of the most promising techniques for intraoperative tissue characterisation. Snapshot mosaic cameras, which can capture hyperspectral data in a single exposure, have the potential to make a real-time…

Hyperspectral imaging can help better understand the characteristics of different materials, compared with traditional image systems. However, only high-resolution multispectral (HrMS) and low-resolution hyperspectral (LrHS) images can…

Modern cameras with large apertures often suffer from a shallow depth of field, resulting in blurry images of objects outside the focal plane. This limitation is particularly problematic for fixed-focus cameras, such as those used in smart…

Despite significant progress toward super resolving more realistic images by deeper convolutional neural networks (CNNs), reconstructing fine and natural textures still remains a challenging problem. Recent works on single image super…

With advancements in GPS, remote sensing, and computational simulation, an enormous volume of spatiotemporal data is being collected at an increasing speed from various application domains, spanning Earth sciences, agriculture, smart…

Cameras in modern devices such as smartphones, satellites and medical equipment are capable of capturing very high resolution images and videos. Such high-resolution data often need to be processed by deep learning models for cancer…

This chapter provides an overview of deep learning techniques for improving the spatial resolution of MRI, ranging from convolutional neural networks, generative adversarial networks, to more advanced models including transformers,…

Underwater robot perception is crucial in scientific subsea exploration and commercial operations. The key challenges include non-uniform lighting and poor visibility in turbid environments. High-frequency forward-look sonar cameras address…

Deep learning has been used to image compressive sensing (CS) for enhanced reconstruction performance. However, most existing deep learning methods train different models for different subsampling ratios, which brings additional hardware…

Recently, deep learning has started to play an essential role in healthcare applications, including image search in digital pathology. Despite the recent progress in computer vision, significant issues remain for image searching in…

Synthetic data generation is an important application of machine learning in the field of medical imaging. While existing approaches have successfully applied fine-tuned diffusion models for synthesizing medical images, we explore potential…

Automotive synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems are rapidly emerging as a candidate technological solution to enable a high-resolution environment mapping for autonomous driving. Compared to lidars and cameras, automotive-legacy radars…

Statistical shape modeling (SSM) is an enabling quantitative tool to study anatomical shapes in various medical applications. However, directly using 3D images in these applications still has a long way to go. Recent deep learning methods…

Deep learning tasks are often complicated and require a variety of components working together efficiently to perform well. Due to the often large scale of these tasks, there is a necessity to iterate quickly in order to attempt a variety…

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have lately been used to uncover interpretable latent features in large language models. By projecting dense embeddings into a much higher-dimensional and sparse space, learned features become disentangled and…

The great advances of learning-based approaches in image processing and computer vision are largely based on deeply nested networks that compose linear transfer functions with suitable non-linearities. Interestingly, the most frequently…