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Foundation Models (FMs) are models trained on large corpora of data that, at very large scale, can generalize to new tasks without any task-specific finetuning. As these models continue to grow in size, innovations continue to push the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Avanika Narayan , Ines Chami , Laurel Orr , Simran Arora , Christopher Ré

Foundation Models (FMs) have shown impressive performance on various text and image processing tasks. They can generalize across domains and datasets in a zero-shot setting. This could make them suitable for automated quality inspection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Simon Baeuerle , Pratik Khanna , Nils Friederich , Angelo Jovin Yamachui Sitcheu , Damir Shakirov , Andreas Steimer , Ralf Mikut

Foundation models (FMs) have achieved significant success across various tasks, leading to research on benchmarks for reasoning abilities. However, there is a lack of studies on FMs performance in exceptional scenarios, which we define as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Suho Kang , Jungyang Park , Joonseo Ha , SoMin Kim , JinHyeong Kim , Subeen Park , Kyungwoo Song

With the development of artificial intelligence and breakthroughs in deep learning, large-scale Foundation Models (FMs), such as GPT, Sora, etc., have achieved remarkable results in many fields including natural language processing and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Jianhua Wu , Bingzhao Gao , Jincheng Gao , Jianhao Yu , Hongqing Chu , Qiankun Yu , Xun Gong , Yi Chang , H. Eric Tseng , Hong Chen , Jie Chen

Foundation models (FMs) are a popular topic of research in AI. Their ability to generalize to new tasks and datasets without retraining or needing an abundance of data makes them an appealing candidate for applications on specialist…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Marga Don , Stijn Pinson , Blanca Guillen Cebrian , Yuki M. Asano

Hallucinations are a key concern when creating applications that rely on Foundation models (FMs). Understanding where and how these subtle failures occur in an application relies on evaluation methods known as \textit{evals}. Prior work…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Dilani Widanapathiranage , Scott Barnett , Stefanus Kurniawan , Wannita Takerngsaksiri

This survey delves into the realm of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) within the context of Foundation Models (FMs). PEFT, a cost-effective fine-tuning technique, minimizes parameters and computational complexity while striving for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Dan Zhang , Tao Feng , Lilong Xue , Yuandong Wang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly foundation models (FMs), have revolutionized medical image analysis, demonstrating strong zero- and few-shot performance across diverse medical imaging tasks, from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Praveenbalaji Rajendran , Mojtaba Safari , Wenfeng He , Mingzhe Hu , Shansong Wang , Jun Zhou , Xiaofeng Yang

While reinforcement learning from scratch has shown impressive results in solving sequential decision-making tasks with efficient simulators, real-world applications with expensive interactions require more sample-efficient agents.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Remo Sasso , Michelangelo Conserva , Dominik Jeurissen , Paulo Rauber

Large pre-trained language models have shown promise for few-shot learning, completing text-based tasks given only a few task-specific examples. Will models soon solve classification tasks that have so far been reserved for human research…

The power of foundation models (FMs) lies in their capacity to learn highly expressive representations that can be adapted to a broad spectrum of tasks. However, these pretrained models require additional training stages to become effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jacob L. Block , Sundararajan Srinivasan , Liam Collins , Aryan Mokhtari , Sanjay Shakkottai

Few-shot semantic segmentation (FSS) is a crucial challenge in computer vision, driving extensive research into a diverse range of methods, from advanced meta-learning techniques to simple transfer learning baselines. With the emergence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Reda Bensaid , Vincent Gripon , François Leduc-Primeau , Lukas Mauch , Ghouthi Boukli Hacene , Fabien Cardinaux

Tabular Foundation Models (TFMs) have recently shown strong in-context learning capabilities on structured data, achieving zero-shot performance comparable to traditional machine learning methods. We find that zero-shot TFMs already achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Aditya Tanna , Pratinav Seth , Mohamed Bouadi , Vinay Kumar Sankarapu

Driven by the transition towards a climate-neutral energy system, accurate energy time series forecasting is critical for planning and operation. Yet, it remains largely a dataset-specific task, requiring comprehensive training data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Marco Obermeier , Marco Pruckner , Florian Haselbeck , Andreas Zeiselmair

Foundation models show great promise for generative tasks in many domains. Here we discuss the use of foundation models to generate structured documents related to critical assets. A Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) captures the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Karol Lynch , Fabio Lorenzi , John Sheehan , Duygu Kabakci-Zorlu , Bradley Eck

The advent of foundation models (FMs), large-scale pre-trained models with strong generalization capabilities, has opened new frontiers for financial engineering. While general-purpose FMs such as GPT-4 and Gemini have demonstrated…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-16 Liyuan Chen , Shuoling Liu , Jiangpeng Yan , Xiaoyu Wang , Henglin Liu , Chuang Li , Kecheng Jiao , Jixuan Ying , Yang Veronica Liu , Qiang Yang , Xiu Li

Foundation models (FMs) have emerged as a transformative paradigm in medical image analysis, offering the potential to provide generalizable, task-agnostic solutions across a wide range of clinical tasks and imaging modalities. Their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Karma Phuntsho , Abdullah , Kyungmi Lee , Ickjai Lee , Euijoon Ahn

Foundation models (FMs) are large-scale deep learning models trained on massive datasets, often using self-supervised learning techniques. These models serve as a versatile base for a wide range of downstream tasks, including those in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Wasif Khan , Seowung Leem , Kyle B. See , Joshua K. Wong , Shaoting Zhang , Ruogu Fang

Foundation models (FM) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks (especially in the fields of natural language processing and computer vision), primarily attributed to their ability to comprehend instructions and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Hongling Zheng , Li Shen , Anke Tang , Yong Luo , Han Hu , Bo Du , Yonggang Wen , Dacheng Tao

Task transfer, transferring knowledge contained in related tasks, holds the promise of reducing the quantity of labeled data required to fine-tune language models. Dialogue understanding encompasses many diverse tasks, yet task transfer has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Alon Albalak , Yi-Lin Tuan , Pegah Jandaghi , Connor Pryor , Luke Yoffe , Deepak Ramachandran , Lise Getoor , Jay Pujara , William Yang Wang
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