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Related papers: Why So Toxic? Measuring and Triggering Toxic Behav…

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Intelligent conversational agents, or chatbots, can take on various identities and are increasingly engaging in more human-centered conversations with persuasive goals. However, little is known about how identities and inquiry strategies…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Weiyan Shi , Xuewei Wang , Yoo Jung Oh , Jingwen Zhang , Saurav Sahay , Zhou Yu

Large language models, e.g. ChatGPT are currently contributing enormously to make artificial intelligence even more popular, especially among the general population. However, such chatbot models were developed as tools to support natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Jianlong Zhou , Heimo Müller , Andreas Holzinger , Fang Chen

Driven by ongoing improvements in machine learning, chatbots have increasingly grown from experimental interface prototypes to reliable and robust tools for process automation. Building on these advances, companies have identified various…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Alessandro Casadei , Stephan Schlögl , Markus Bergmann

As people increasingly seek emotional support and companionship from AI chatbots, understanding how such interactions impact mental well-being becomes critical. We conducted a four-week randomized controlled experiment (n=981, >300k…

In the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence, ChatGPT has been widely used in various applications. The new feature - customization of ChatGPT models by users to cater to specific needs has opened new frontiers in AI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jiahao Yu , Yuhang Wu , Dong Shu , Mingyu Jin , Sabrina Yang , Xinyu Xing

The evolution of digital communication systems and the designs of online platforms have inadvertently facilitated the subconscious propagation of toxic behavior. Giving rise to reactive responses to toxic behavior. Toxicity in online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Smita Khapre , Melkamu Abay Mersha , Hassan Shakil , Jonali Baruah , Jugal Kalita

Twitter is one of the most popular online micro-blogging and social networking platforms. This platform allows individuals to freely express opinions and interact with others regardless of geographic barriers. However, with the good that…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Nazanin Salehabadi , Anne Groggel , Mohit Singhal , Sayak Saha Roy , Shirin Nilizadeh

The strive to make AI applications "safe" has led to the development of safety-measures as the main or even sole normative requirement of their permissible use. Similar can be attested to the latest version of chatbots, such as chatGPT. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Hendrik Kempt , Alon Lavie , Saskia K. Nagel

Chatbots are software typically embedded in Web and Mobile applications designed to assist the user in a plethora of activities, from chit-chatting to task completion. They enable diverse forms of interactions, like text and voice commands.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Rocco Gianni Rapisarda , Davide Ginelli , Diego Clerissi , Leonardo Mariani

Publicly deploying research chatbots is a nuanced topic involving necessary risk-benefit analyses. While there have recently been frequent discussions on whether it is responsible to deploy such models, there has been far less focus on the…

Web-based chatbots provide website owners with the benefits of increased sales, immediate response to their customers, and insight into customer behaviour. While Web-based chatbots are getting popular, they have not received much scrutiny…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Nazar Waheed , Muhammad Ikram , Saad Sajid Hashmi , Xiangjian He , Priyadarsi Nanda

Toxic and antisocial user behavior on social media platforms has received considerable scholarly attention due to its detrimental effects on society. This study takes a holistic perspective on the phenomenon of online toxicity by…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Lorenzo Alvisi , Victoria Popa , Guglielmo Cola , Serena Tardelli , Maurizio Tesconi

Chatbots, or bots for short, are multi-modal collaborative assistants that can help people complete useful tasks. Usually, when chatbots are referenced in connection with elections, they often draw negative reactions due to the fear of…

AI chatbots are becoming a primary interface for seeking information. As their popularity grows, chatbot providers are starting to deploy advertising and analytics. Despite this, tracking on AI chatbots has not been systematically studied.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Muhammad Jazlan , Ethan Wang , Yash Vekaria , Zubair Shafiq

Large-Language Models like GPT-3 have the potential to enable HCI designers and researchers to create more human-like and helpful chatbots for specific applications. But evaluating the feasibility of these chatbots and designing prompts…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Harsh Kumar , Ilya Musabirov , Jiakai Shi , Adele Lauzon , Kwan Kiu Choy , Ofek Gross , Dana Kulzhabayeva , Joseph Jay Williams

Artificial intelligence based chatbots have brought unprecedented business potential. This study aims to explore consumers trust and response to a text-based chatbot in ecommerce, involving the moderating effects of task complexity and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Xusen Cheng , Ying Bao , Alex Zarifis , Wankun Gong , Jian Mou

Socialbots are software-driven user accounts on social platforms, acting autonomously (mimicking human behavior), with the aims to influence the opinions of other users or spread targeted misinformation for particular goals. As socialbots…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Thai Le , Long Tran-Thanh , Dongwon Lee

Dialogue safety remains a pervasive challenge in open-domain human-machine interaction. Existing approaches propose distinctive dialogue safety taxonomies and datasets for detecting explicitly harmful responses. However, these taxonomies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Huachuan Qiu , Tong Zhao , Anqi Li , Shuai Zhang , Hongliang He , Zhenzhong Lan

Measuring personal disclosures made in human-chatbot interactions can provide a better understanding of users' AI literacy and facilitate privacy research for large language models (LLMs). We run an extensive, fine-grained analysis on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Niloofar Mireshghallah , Maria Antoniak , Yash More , Yejin Choi , Golnoosh Farnadi

In recent years, chatbots have gained widespread adoption thanks to their ability to assist users at any time and across diverse domains. However, the lack of large-scale curated datasets limits research on their quality and reliability.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Elena Masserini , Diego Clerissi , Daniela Micucci , Leonardo Mariani