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Integrated circuits (ICs) are essential to modern electronic systems, yet they face significant risks from physical reverse engineering (RE) attacks that compromise intellectual property (IP) and overall system security. While IC camouflage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Junling Fan , David Koblah , Domenic Forte

Consumer and defense systems demanded design and manufacturing of electronics with increased performance, compared to their predecessors. As such systems became ubiquitous in a plethora of domains, their application surface increased, thus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Abhijitt Dhavlle

In recent years, quantum computing has started to demonstrate superior efficiency to classical computing. In quantum computing, quantum circuits that implement specific quantum algorithms are usually not directly executable on quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Yuntao Liu , Jayden John , Qian Wang

Semiconductor supply chain is increasingly getting exposed to variety of security attacks such as Trojan insertion, cloning, counterfeiting, reverse engineering (RE) and piracy of Intellectual Property (IP) due to involvement of untrusted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-09 Jae-Won Jang , Swaroop Ghosh

Most chip designers outsource the manufacturing of their integrated circuits (ICs) to external foundries due to the exorbitant cost and complexity of the process. This involvement of untrustworthy, external entities opens the door to major…

Logic Obfuscation is a well renowned design-for-trust solution to protect an Integrated Circuit (IC) from unauthorized use and illegal overproduction by including key-gates to lock the design. This is particularly necessary for ICs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Haimanti Chakraborty , Ranga Vemuri

In this work, a new method for designing an analog circuit for deep sub-micron CMOS fabrication processes is proposed. The proposed method leverages the regression algorithms with the transistor circuit model to size a transistor in 0.18 um…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Alireza Bagheri Rajeoni

Intellectual Property (IP) piracy, overbuilding, reverse engineering, and hardware Trojan are serious security concerns during integrated circuit (IC) development. Logic locking has proven to be a solid defence for mitigating these threats.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Vijaypal Singh Rathor , Munesh Singh , Kshira Sagar Sahoo , Saraju P. Mohanty

Integrated Circuits (ICs) are the target of diverse attacks during their lifetime. Fabrication-time attacks, such as the insertion of Hardware Trojans, can give an adversary access to privileged data and/or the means to corrupt the IC's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Mohammad Eslami , Tiago Perez , Samuel Pagliarini

Camouflaging gate techniques are typically used in hardware security to prevent reverse engineering. Layout level camouflaging by adding dummy contacts ensures some level of protection against extracting the correct netlist. Threshold…

The success of quantum circuits in providing reliable outcomes for a given problem depends on the gate count and depth in near-term noisy quantum computers. Quantum circuit compilers that decompose high-level gates to native gates of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-30 Subrata Das , Swaroop Ghosh

Threats associated with the untrusted fabrication of integrated circuits (ICs) are numerous: piracy, overproduction, reverse engineering, hardware trojans, etc. The use of reconfigurable elements (i.e., look-up tables as in FPGAs) is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Zain Ul Abideen , Tiago Diadami Perez , Samuel Pagliarini

Semiconductor intellectual property (IP) theft incurs hundreds of billions in annual losses, driven by advanced reverse engineering (RE) techniques. Traditional ``cryptic'' IC camouflaging methods typically focus on hiding localized gate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Junling Fan , David Koblah , Domenic Forte

Split manufacturing (SM) and layout camouflaging (LC) are two promising techniques to obscure integrated circuits (ICs) from malicious entities during and after manufacturing. While both techniques enable protecting the intellectual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Satwik Patnaik , Mohammed Ashraf , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Johann Knechtel

With current tools and technology, someone who has physical access to a chip can extract the detailed layout of the integrated circuit (IC). By using advanced visual imaging techniques, reverse engineering can reveal details that are meant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-05-04 Maria I. Mera Collantes , Mohamed El Massad , Siddharth Garg

Protecting intellectual property (IP) in electronic circuits has become a serious challenge in recent years. Logic locking/encryption and layout camouflaging are two prominent techniques for IP protection. Most existing approaches, however,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Satwik Patnaik , Nikhil Rangarajan , Johann Knechtel , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Shaloo Rakheja

Semiconductor intellectual property (IP) theft incurs estimated annual losses ranging from $225 billion to $600 billion. Despite initiatives like the CHIPS Act, many semiconductor designs remain vulnerable to reverse engineering (RE). IP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Junling Fan , George Rushevich , Giorgio Rusconi , Mengdi Zhu , Reiner Dizon-Paradis , Domenic Forte

Due to cost benefits, supply chains of integrated circuits (ICs) are largely outsourced nowadays. However, passing ICs through various third-party providers gives rise to many security threats, like piracy of IC intellectual property or…

Numerous threats are associated with the globalized integrated circuit (IC) supply chain, such as piracy, reverse engineering, overproduction, and malicious logic insertion. Many obfuscation approaches have been proposed to mitigate these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Zain UlAbideen , Tiago Diadami Perez , Mayler Martins , Samuel Pagliarini

Logic locking has been proposed to safeguard intellectual property (IP) during chip fabrication. Logic locking techniques protect hardware IP by making a subset of combinational modules in a design dependent on a secret key that is withheld…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Hongye Xu , Dongfang Liu , Cory Merkel , Michael Zuzak