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Accurate estimates of subnational health and demographic indicators are critical for informing health policy decisions. Many countries collect relevant data using complex household surveys, but when data are limited, direct survey weighted…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-07 Peter A. Gao , Jon Wakefield

The nested error regression model is a useful tool for analyzing clustered (grouped) data, and is especially used in small area estimation. The classical nested error regression model assumes normality of random effects and error terms, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-05-16 Shonosuke Sugasawa , Tatsuya Kubokawa

Model-based small area estimation is frequently used in conjunction with survey data in order to establish estimates for under-sampled or unsampled geographies. These models can be specified at either the area-level, or the unit-level, but…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-14 Paul A. Parker , Ryan Janicki , Scott H. Holan

We propose a novel Bayesian framework for the joint modeling of survey point and variance estimates for count data. The approach incorporates an induced prior distribution on the modeled true variance that sets it equal to the generating…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-27 Terrance D. Savitsky , Julie Gershunskaya , Mark Crankshaw

This paper devises a fully Bayesian sample size determination method for hierarchical model-based small area estimation with a decision risk approach. A new loss function specified around a desired maximum posterior variance target…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-27 Peter Dutey-Magni

In countries where population census data are limited, generating accurate subnational estimates of health and demographic indicators is challenging. Existing model-based geostatistical methods leverage covariate information and spatial…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-08 Peter A. Gao , Jon Wakefield

Two-stage hierarchical models have been widely used in small area estimation to produce indirect estimates of areal means. When the areas are treated exchangeably and the model parameters are assumed to be the same over all areas, we might…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-10 Shonosuke Sugasawa , Yuki Kawakubo , Kota Ogasawara

National statistical agencies are regularly required to produce estimates about various subpopulations, formed by demographic and/or geographic classifications, based on a limited number of samples. Traditional direct estimates computed…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-29 Shuchi Goyal , Gauri Sankar Datta , Abhyuday Mandal

Unit-level models for survey data offer many advantages over their area-level counterparts, such as potential for more precise estimates and a natural benchmarking property. However two main challenges occur in this context: accounting for…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-18 Paul A. Parker , Scott H. Holan , Ryan Janicki

We introduce Bayesian hierarchical models for predicting high-dimensional tabular survey data which can be distributed from one or multiple classes of distributions (e.g., Gaussian, Poisson, Binomial, etc.). We adopt a Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-18 Saikat Nandy , Scott H. Holan , Jonathan R. Bradley , Christopher K. Wikle

When mapping subnational health and demographic indicators, direct weighted estimators of small area means based on household survey data can be unreliable when data are limited. If survey microdata are available, unit level models can…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-22 Peter A. Gao , Jon Wakefield

It is often of interest to combine available estimates of a similar quantity from multiple data sources. When the corresponding variances of each estimate are also available, a model should take into account the uncertainty of the estimates…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-17 Yujing Yao , R. Todd Ogden , Chubing Zeng , Qixuan Chen

Heteroscedastic regression models a Gaussian variable's mean and variance as a function of covariates. Parametric methods that employ neural networks for these parameter maps can capture complex relationships in the data. Yet, optimizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Andrew Stirn , Hans-Hermann Wessels , Megan Schertzer , Laura Pereira , Neville E. Sanjana , David A. Knowles

The paper delineates a proper statistical setting for defining the sampling design for a small area estimation problem. This problem is often treated only via indirect estimation using the values of the variable of interest also from…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-16 Piero Demetrio Falorsi , Stefano Falorsi , Vincenzo Nardelli , Paolo Righi

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and related technologies have generated substantial interest among statisticians with regard to scalable methodologies for analyzing large spatial datasets. A variety of scalable spatial process models…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-10 Sudipto Banerjee

Meta-analysis is widely used to integrate results from multiple experiments to obtain generalized insights. Since meta-analysis datasets are often heteroscedastic due to varying subgroups and temporal heterogeneity arising from experiments…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-19 Kohsuke Kubota , Shonosuke Sugasawa , Keiichi Ochiai , Takahiro Hoshino

Small area estimation using survey data can be achieved by using either a design-based or a model-based inferential approach. Design-based direct estimators are generally preferable because of their consistency, asymptotic normality, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-13 Alana McGovern , Katherine Wilson , Jon Wakefield

Small area models are mixed effects regression models that link the small areas and borrow strength from similar domains. When the auxiliary variables used in the models are measured with error, small area estimators that ignore the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-23 Serena Arima , Silvia Polettini

Joint modeling of spatially-oriented dependent variables is commonplace in the environmental sciences, where scientists seek to estimate the relationships among a set of environmental outcomes accounting for dependence among these outcomes…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-22 Lu Zhang , Sudipto Banerjee , Andrew O. Finley

Models for heteroskedastic data are relevant in a wide variety of applications ranging from financial time series to environmental statistics. However, the topic of modeling the variance function conditionally has not seen near as much…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-30 Paul A. Parker , Scott H. Holan , Skye A. Wills
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