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Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is a novel branch of RIS which breaks through the limitation of traditional RIS with diagonal scattering matrices. However, the existing research focuses on BD-RIS with fixed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-21 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Written by its inventors, this first tutorial on Beyond-Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (BD-RISs) provides the readers with the basics and fundamental tools necessary to appreciate, understand, and contribute to this emerging…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has emerged as an advancement and generalization of the conventional diagonal RIS (D-RIS) by introducing tunable interconnections between RIS elements, enabling smarter wave…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-10 Yiyang Peng , Hongyu Li , Zheyu Wu , Bruno Clerckx

This letter proposes a movable beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (MA-BD-RIS) design, combining inter-element connectivity and movability for channel enhancement. We study a MA-BD-RIS assisted multi-user multiple input…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Shuyue Xu , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

This work focuses on the use of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) systems to improve communication capacity and sensing precision, and enhance coverage for both functions. In contrast to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-10 Bowen Wang , Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Ziyang Cheng , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has been proposed recently as a novel and generalized RIS architecture that offers enhanced wave manipulation flexibility and large coverage expansion. However, the beyond-diagonal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Tianyu Fang , Yijie Mao

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) have introduced unprecedented flexibility and adaptability toward smart wireless channels. Recent research on integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems has demonstrated that RIS platforms…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-27 Tara Esmaeilbeig , Kumar Vijay Mishra , Mojtaba Soltanalian

A beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is an innovative type of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) that has recently been proposed and is considered a revolutionary advancement in wave manipulation. Unlike the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Abd Ullah Khan , Uman Khalid , Trung Q. Duong , Hyundong Shin

This work studies the modeling and optimization of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) aided wireless communication systems in the presence of mutual coupling among the RIS elements. Specifically, we first derive the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Matteo Nerini , Marco Di Renzo , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) generalizes and goes beyond conventional diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (D-RIS) by interconnecting elements to generate beyond diagonal scattering matrices, which…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-14 Hamad Yahya , Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx , Merouane Debbah

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is a new advance and generalization of the RIS technique. BD-RIS breaks through the isolation between RIS elements by creatively introducing inter-element connections, thereby…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-11 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Yumeng Zhang , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) allow controlling the propagation environment in wireless networks by tuning multiple reflecting elements. RISs have been traditionally realized through single connected architectures,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been envisioned as a key technology in future wireless communication networks to enable smart radio environment. To further enhance the passive beamforming capability of RIS, beyond diagonal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-22 Ziang Liu , Hongyu Li , Bruno Clerckx

The shift toward sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications demands transceiver architectures that simultaneously support high-data-rate communications, pervasive sensing, and sub-meter-level localization. Beyond these performance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Mahmoud Raeisi , Ayoub Ammar Boudjelal , Henk Wymeersch , Ertugrul Basar , Huseyin Arslan

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) enable programmable control of the wireless propagation environment and are key enablers for future networks. Beyond-diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) architectures enhance conventional RIS by interconnecting…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Matteo Nerini , Zheyu Wu , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology shows great potential in sixth-generation (6G) terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) since it can effectively change wireless settings to improve connectivity. Extensive…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-25 Wali Ullah Khan , Eva Lagunas , Asad Mahmood , Muhammad Asif , Manzoor Ahmed , Symeon Chatzinotas

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) have emerged as a promising technology for 6G wireless networks, offering more advanced control over electromagnetic wave propagation than conventional diagonal RIS. This paper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-01 Kexin Chen , Yijie Mao , Wonjae Shin

Integrating BD-RIS into wireless communications systems has attracted significant interest due to its transformative potential in enhancing system performance. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of BD-RIS technology, examining…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Omar Maraqa , Majid H. Khoshafa , Olutayo O. Oyerinde , Telex M. N. Ngatched

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been receiving a notable interest as an energy- and spectrum-efficient enabler for simultaneous communication and sensing. Notably, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is among the key…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Elmehdi Illi , Marwa Qaraqe

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can improve the capacity of wireless communication links by passively beamforming the impinging signals in desired directions. This feature has been demonstrated both analytically and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-23 Emil Björnson , Özlem Tuğfe Demir