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A tidal disruption event (TDE) ensues when a star passes too close to the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in a galactic center and is ripped apart by the tidal field of the SMBH. The gaseous debris produced in a TDE can power a bright…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-02-20 Nicholas C. Stone , Michael Kesden , Roseanne M. Cheng , Sjoert van Velzen

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are bursts of electromagnetic energy released when supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of galaxies violently disrupt a star that passes too close. TDEs provide a new window to study accretion onto…

Stellar tidal disruption events (TDEs) are typically discovered by transient emission due to accretion or shocks of the stellar debris. Yet this luminous flare can be reprocessed by gas or dust that inhabits a galactic nucleus, resulting in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-27 Sjoert van Velzen , Dheeraj R. Pasham , Stefanie Komossa , Lin Yan , Erin A. Kara

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur when a star, passing too close to a massive black hole, is ripped apart by tidal forces. A less dramatic event occurs if the star orbits just outside the tidal radius, resulting in a mild stripping of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-03-02 Deborah Mainetti , Sergio Campana , Monica Colpi , Giuseppe Lodato , Paolo D'Avanzo , Phil Evans , Alberto Moretti

A bright flare from a galactic nucleus followed at late times by a $t^{-5/3}$ decay in luminosity is often considered the signature of the complete tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole. The flare and power-law decay are…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-03 Christopher Evans , Pablo Laguna , Michael Eracleous

We analyze stellar tidal disruption events as a possible observational signature of gravitational wave induced recoil of supermassive black holes. As a black hole wanders through its galaxy, it will tidally disrupt bound and unbound stars…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Nicholas Stone , Abraham Loeb

Observations of luminous flares resulting from the possible tidal disruption of stars by supermassive black holes have raised a number of puzzles. Outstanding questions include the origin of the optical and ultraviolet (UV) flux, the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-17 Nathaniel Roth , Daniel Kasen , James Guillochon , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

The cooling envelope model for tidal disruption events (TDE) postulates that while the stellar debris streams rapidly dissipate their bulk kinetic energy (``circularize"), this does not necessarily imply rapid feeding of the supermassive…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-22 Nikhil Sarin , Brian D. Metzger

A tidal disruption event (TDE) occurs when a star is destroyed by a supermassive black hole. Broadband radio spectral observations of TDEs trace the emission from any outflows or jets that are ejected from the vicinity of the supermassive…

Massive black holes at galaxy center may tear apart a star when the star passes occasionally within the disruption radius, which is the so-called tidal disruption event(TDE). Most TDEs radiate with thermal emission resulted from the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-07-06 Fang-Kun Peng , Qing-Wen Tang , Xiang-Yu Wang

The concept of stars being tidally ripped apart and consumed by a massive black hole (MBH) lurking in the center of a galaxy first captivated theorists in the late 1970's. The observational evidence for these rare but illuminating phenomena…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-15 Suvi Gezari

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are transient, multi-wavelength events in which a star is ripped apart by a supermassive black hole. Observations show that in a small fraction of TDEs, a short-lived, synchrotron emitting jet is produced. We…

After the Tidal Disruption Event (TDE) of a star around a SuperMassive Black Hole (SMBH), if the stellar debris stream rapidly circularizes and forms a compact disk, the TDE emission is expected to peak in the soft X-ray or far Ultra-Violet…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-11-11 J. J. Zanazzi , Gordon I. Ogilvie

A fraction of tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) whose black holes possess accretion disks; these TDEs can be confused with common AGN flares. The disruption itself is unaffected by the disk, but the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-24 Chi-Ho Chan , Tsvi Piran , Julian H. Krolik , Dekel Saban

In the past few years wide-field optical and UV transient surveys as well as X-ray telescopes have allowed us to identify a few dozen candidate tidal disruption events (TDEs). While in theory the physical processes in TDEs are expected to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-06-13 Lixin Dai , Jonathan C. McKinney , Nathaniel Roth , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz , M. Coleman Miller

The early time emission in tidal disruption events (TDEs) originates from both accretion and shocks, which produce photons that eventually emerge from an inhomogeneous photosphere. In this work, we model the disk formation following the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-16 Xiaoshan Huang , Maria Renee Meza , Sol Bin Yun , Brenna Mockler , Shane W. Davis , Yan-fei Jiang

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are among the brightest transients in the optical, ultraviolet, and X-ray sky. These flares are set into motion when a star is torn apart by the tidal field of a massive black hole, triggering a chain of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-21 Elena M. Rossi , Nicholas C. Stone , Jamie A. P. Law-Smith , Morgan MacLeod , Giuseppe Lodato , Jane L. Dai , Ilya Mandel

Tidal disruption events are routinely discovered as bright optical/UV flares, the properties of which are now well categorized on the population level. The underlying physical processes that produce the evolution of their X-ray emission and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-11 Andrew Mummery , Brian Metzger , Sjoert van Velzen , Muryel Guolo

An otherwise dormant supermassive black hole (SMBH) in a galactic nucleus flares up when it tidally disrupts a star passing by. Most of the tidal disruption events (TDEs) and candidates discovered in the optical/UV have broad optical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-11-15 F. K. Liu , Z. Q. Zhou , R. Cao , L. C. Ho , S. Komossa