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We describe how the various outcomes of stellar tidal disruption give rise to observable radiation. We separately consider the cases where gas circularizes rapidly into an accretion disc, as well as the case when shocked debris streams…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-02-24 Nathaniel Roth , Elena M. Rossi , Julian H. Krolik , Tsvi Piran , Brenna Mockler , Daniel Kasen

The tidal disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole provides us with a rare glimpse of these otherwise dormant beasts. It has long been predicted that the disruption will be accompanied by a thermal `flare', powered by the accretion…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-27 Dimitrios Giannios , Brian D. Metzger

A Tidal Disruption Event (TDE) occurs when a supermassive black hole tidally disrupt a nearby passing star. The fallback accretion rate of the disrupted star may exceed the Eddington limit, which induces a supersonic outflow and a burst of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-14 Zsófia V. Kovács-Stermeczky , József Vinkó

A small fraction of candidate tidal disruption events (TDEs) show evidence of powerful relativistic jets, which are particularly pronounced at radio wavelengths, and likely contribute non-thermal emission at a wide range of wavelengths. A…

A star coming too close to a supermassive black hole gets disrupted by the tidal force of the compact object in a tidal disruption event, or TDE. Following this encounter, the debris evolves into an elongated stream, half of which coming…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-05-13 Clément Bonnerot , Wenbin Lu

When a star passes through the tidal disruption radius of a massive black hole (BH), it can be torn apart by the tidal force of the BH, known as the Tidal Disruption Event (TDE). Since the observed UV/optical luminosity significantly…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-17 Hengxiao Guo , Jingbo Sun , Shuang-Liang Li , Yan-Fei Jiang , Tinggui Wang , Defu Bu , Ning Jiang , Yanan Wang , Yuhan Yao , Rongfeng Shen , Minfeng Gu , Mouyuan Sun

A tidal disruption event (TDE) occurs when a star travels too close to a supermassive black hole. In some cases, accretion of the disrupted material onto the black hole launches a relativistic jet. In this paper, we present a long term…

Recent studies suggest that tidal disruption events (TDEs) with off-axis jets may manifest as optically overluminous events. To search for jet signatures at late times, we conducted radio observations of eight such optically overluminous…

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur when stars are destroyed by supermassive black holes and are among the brightest nuclear transients. It has been thought that strong relativistic effects rapidly dissipate orbital energy and produce…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-05 Ho-Sang Chan , Taeho Ryu , Julian Krolik , Tsvi Piran

During a close encounter between a star and a supermassive black hole, the star can get disrupted by the black hole's tidal forces, resulting in a tidal disruption event (TDE). The accretion of the star's material onto the black hole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-05-04 J. Hampel , S. Komossa , J. Greiner , T. H. Reiprich , M. Freyberg , T. Erben

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are transient flares produced when a star is ripped apart by the gravitational field of a supermassive black hole (SMBH). We have observed a transient source in the western nucleus of the merging galaxy pair…

Stars in galactic centers are occasionally scattered so close to the central supermassive black hole that they are completely disrupted by tidal forces, initiating a transient accretion event. The aftermath of such a tidal disruption event…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-19 Andrew Mummery , Muryel Guolo , James Matthews , Megan Newsome , Chris Lintott , William Keel

The flare of radiation from the tidal disruption and accretion of a star can be used as a marker for supermassive black holes that otherwise lie dormant and undetected in the centres of distant galaxies. Previous candidate flares have had…

TDEs have been observed in the optical and UV for more than a decade but the underlying emission mechanism still remains a puzzle. It has been suggested that viewing angle effects could potentially explain their large photometric and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-22 Panos Charalampopoulos , Mattia Bulla , Clement Bonnerot , Giorgos Leloudas

Close encounters between stellar-mass black holes (BHs) and stars occur frequently in dense star clusters and in the disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Recent studies have shown that in highly eccentric close encounters, the star can…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-24 Chengcheng Xin , Zoltan Haiman , Rosalba Perna , Yihan Wang , Taeho Ryu

When a star is torn apart by the tidal forces of a supermassive black hole (a so-called TDE) a transient accretion episode is initiated and a hot, often X-ray bright, accretion disk is formed. Like any accretion flow this disk is turbulent,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-12 Andrew Mummery

We argue that the `changing look' AGN recently reported by LaMassa et al. could be a luminous flare produced by the tidal disruption of a super-solar mass star passing just a few gravitational radii outside the event horizon of a $\sim 10^8…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-06 A. Merloni , T. Dwelly , M. Salvato , A. Georgakakis , J. Greiner , M. Krumpe , K. Nandra , G. Ponti , A. Rau

A tidal disruption event (TDE) occurs when a star wanders close enough to a black hole to be disrupted by its tidal force. The debris of a tidally disrupted star are expected to form an accretion disc around the supermassive black hole. The…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-12-09 A. Franchini , G. Lodato , S. Facchini

Extreme tidal disruption events (eTDEs), which occur when a star passes very close to a supermassive black hole, may provide a way to observe a long-sought general relativistic effect: orbits that wind several times around a black hole and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-05 Taeho Ryu , Julian Krolik , Tsvi Piran

A tidal disruption event (TDE) occurs when the gravitational field of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) destroys a star. For TDEs in which the star enters deep within the tidal radius, such that the ratio of the tidal radius to the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-16 Suman Kumar Kundu , Eric R. Coughlin , C. J. Nixon