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We present a generic mechanism by which reproducing microorganisms, with a diffusivity that depends on the local population density, can form stable patterns. It is known that a decrease of swimming speed with density can promote separation…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2010-07-13 M. E. Cates , D. Marenduzzo , I. Pagonabarraga , J. Tailleur

Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage reservoirs commonly exhibit sedimentary architecture that reflects fluvial deposition. The heterogeneity in petrophysical properties arising from this architecture influences the dynamics of injected CO2. We…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-10-20 Naum I. Gershenzon , Robert W. Ritzi , David F. Dominic , Edward Mehnert

Adhesive cell-substrate interactions are crucial for cell motility and are responsible for the necessary traction that propels cells. These interactions can also change the shape of the cell, analogous to liquid droplet wetting on adhesive…

A major puzzle in biology is how mammalian sperm determine and maintain the correct swimming direction during the various phases of the sexual reproduction process. Whilst chemotaxis is assumed to dominate in the immediate vicinity of the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2014-05-27 Vasily Kantsler , Jörn Dunkel , Martyn Blayney , Raymond E. Goldstein

Centrifugation is a widespread laboratory technique used to separate mixtures into fractions characterized by a specific size, weight or density. We demonstrate that centrifugation can be also used to separate swimming cells having…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-11-07 Claudio Maggi , Alessia Lepore , Jacopo Solari , Alessandro Rizzo , Roberto Di Leonardo

In a low Reynolds number fluid environment that microswimmers encounter, back-and-forth motion cannot lead to net displacement. In mammalian sperm, the mechanical wave propagating along their single flagellum breaks the cancellation between…

We introduce into the Penna Model for biological ageing one of the possible male mechanisms used to maximize the ability of their sperm to compete with sperm from other males. Such a selfish mechanism increases the male reproduction success…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-07 P. M. C de Oliveira , S. Moss de Oliveira

Understanding the migration and trapping of CO$_2$ in the subsurface is vital to geologic carbon storage projects. Traditional characterization methods employ steady-state co-injection experiments to determine relative permeability and…

The underwater traps of the carnivorous plants of the Utricularia species catch their preys through the repetition of an "active slow deflation / passive fast suction" sequence. In this paper, we propose a mechanical model that describes…

Biological Physics · Physics 2011-02-22 Marc Joyeux , Olivier Vincent , Philippe Marmottant

In the fluid dynamics video, we present a microfluidic device to measure the propulsive power of nematodes. The device consists of a tapered conduit filled with aqueous solution. The conduit is subjected to a DC electric field with the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2011-10-18 J. Yuan , H-S Chuang , M. Gnatt , D. M. Raizen , H. H. Bau

The use of ultrafast pump-probe conductivity (PPC) for studies of photoelectron dynamics in nonpolar molecular liquids has been based upon the perturbation of geminate recombination dynamics of trapped electrons by their laser…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ilya A. Shkrob , Leonid Ryzhik

Objective: We aim to improve operational robustness of liquid scanning probes. Two main failure modes to be addressed are an obstruction of the flow path of the processing liquid and a deviation from the desired gap distance between probe…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-01-03 David P. Taylor , Govind V. Kaigala

We investigate a trapping mechanism for passive Brownian particles based on mixtures with self-propelled dipolar colloids. Active dipoles, whose magnetic moment is oriented perpendicularly to their propulsion direction, spontaneously form…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-09-18 Arnaud Compagnie , Nicolas Vandewalle , Eric Opsomer

Changes in calcium concentration along the sperm flagellum regulate sperm motility and hyperactivation, characterized by an increased flagellar bend amplitude and beat asymmetry, enabling the sperm to reach and penetrate the ovum (egg). The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-21 Lucia Carichino , Sarah D. Olson

The injection of CO$_2$ into underground reservoirs provides a long term solution for anthropogenic emissions. A variable injection method (such as ramping the flow rate up or down) provides flexibility to injection sites, and could…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-07-27 Catherine Spurin , Sharon Ellman , Tom Bultreys , Hamdi Tchelepi

We describe an atom trapping mechanism based upon differential optical pumping between metastable hyperfine states by partially-displaced laser beams in the absence of a magnetic field. With realistic laser powers, trap spring constants…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Nathan Cooper , Tim Freegarde

How systems are endowed with migration capacity is a fascinating question with implications ranging from the design of novel active systems to the control of microbial populations. Bacteria, which can be found in a variety of environments,…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-07-03 Marc Hennes , Julien Tailleur , Gaëlle Charron , Adrian Daerr

Ultrasound-driven microbubbles rectify oscillatory motion into strong steady streaming flow [1, 2]. In this fluid dynamics video, we show size-dependent trapping, focusing and sorting of microparticles, utilizing the interaction between…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2010-10-19 Cheng Wang , Shreyas Jalikop , Sascha Hilgenfeldt

Flocking behavior is observed in biological systems from the cellular to super-organismal length scales, and the mechanisms and purposes of this behavior are objects of intense interest. In this paper, we study the collective dynamics of…

Motility initiation in crawling cells requires transformation of a symmetric state into a polarized state. In contrast, motility arrest is associated with re-symmetrization of the internal configuration of a cell. Experiments on keratocytes…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-10-28 Pierre Recho , Thibaut Putelat , Lev Truskinovsky