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Related papers: Differentiable Programming for Earth System Modeli…

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Climate models play a crucial role in understanding the effect of environmental and man-made changes on climate to help mitigate climate risks and inform governmental decisions. Large global climate models such as the Community Earth System…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-02 Niccolò Dalmasso , Galen Vincent , Dorit Hammerling , Ann B. Lee

As our planet is entering into the "global boiling" era, understanding regional climate change becomes imperative. Effective downscaling methods that provide localized insights are crucial for this target. Traditional approaches, including…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-04-08 Fenghua Ling , Zeyu Lu , Jing-Jia Luo , Lei Bai , Swadhin K. Behera , Dachao Jin , Baoxiang Pan , Huidong Jiang , Toshio Yamagata

Differentiable programming is the combination of classical neural networks modules with algorithmic ones in an end-to-end differentiable model. These new models, that use automatic differentiation to calculate gradients, have new learning…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-05-05 Adrián Hernández , José M. Amigó

Due to computational constraints, running global climate models (GCMs) for many years requires a lower spatial grid resolution (${\gtrsim}50$ km) than is optimal for accurately resolving important physical processes. Such processes are…

Cloud-related parameterizations remain a leading source of uncertainty in climate projections. Although machine learning holds promise for Earth system models (ESMs), many data-driven parameterizations lack interpretability, physical…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Arthur Grundner , Tom Beucler , Julien Savre , Axel Lauer , Manuel Schlund , Veronika Eyring

The Earth's climate system is a classical example of a multiscale, multiphysics dynamical system with an extremely large number of active degrees of freedom, exhibiting variability on scales ranging from micrometers and seconds in cloud…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-01-19 Gary Froyland , Dimitrios Giannakis , Benjamin Lintner , Maxwell Pike , Joanna Slawinska

Climate extremes present escalating risks to agriculture intensifying the need for reliable multi-hazard early warning systems (EWS). The situation is evolving due to climate change and hence such systems should have the intelligent to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Boyuan Zheng , Victor W. Chu

Foundation Models (FMs) are large-scale, pre-trained artificial intelligence (AI) systems that have revolutionized natural language processing and computer vision, and are now advancing geospatial analysis and Earth Observation (EO). They…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Pedram Ghamisi , Weikang Yu , Xiaokang Zhang , Aldino Rizaldy , Jian Wang , Chufeng Zhou , Richard Gloaguen , Gustau Camps-Valls

Climate change affects occurrences of floods and droughts worldwide. However, predicting climate impacts over individual watersheds is difficult, primarily because accurate hydrological forecasts require models that are calibrated to past…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Frederik Kratzert , Daniel Klotz , Johannes Brandstetter , Pieter-Jan Hoedt , Grey Nearing , Sepp Hochreiter

Earth system models (ESMs) are vital for understanding past, present, and future climate, but they suffer from legacy technical infrastructure. ESMs are primarily implemented in Fortran, a language that poses a high barrier of entry for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Anthony Zhou , Linnia Hawkins , Pierre Gentine

With the rise of electronic data, particularly Earth observation data, data-based geospatial modelling using machine learning (ML) has gained popularity in environmental research. Accurate geospatial predictions are vital for domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Diana Koldasbayeva , Polina Tregubova , Mikhail Gasanov , Alexey Zaytsev , Anna Petrovskaia , Evgeny Burnaev

An exponential growth in computing power, which has brought more sophisticated and higher resolution simulations of the climate system, and an exponential increase in observations since the first weather satellite was put in orbit, are…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-08-20 Annalisa Bracco , Julien Brajard , Henk A. Dijkstra , Pedram Hassanzadeh , Christian Lessig , Claire Monteleoni

Dryland vegetation ecosystems are known to be susceptible to critical transitions between alternative stable states when subjected to external forcing. Such transitions are often discussed through the framework of bifurcation theory, but…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-05-16 Daniel Dylewsky , Sonia Kéfi , Madhur Anand , Chris T. Bauch

Modeling environmental ecosystems is critical for the sustainability of our planet, but is extremely challenging due to the complex underlying processes driven by interactions amongst a large number of physical variables. As many variables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Shiyuan Luo , Juntong Ni , Shengyu Chen , Runlong Yu , Yiqun Xie , Licheng Liu , Zhenong Jin , Huaxiu Yao , Xiaowei Jia

The equations of complex dynamical systems may not be identified by expert knowledge, especially if the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Data-driven discovery methods address this challenge by inferring governing equations from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Amit K. Chakraborty , Hao Wang , Pouria Ramazi

Robust quantification of predictive uncertainty is critical for understanding factors that drive weather and climate outcomes. Ensembles provide predictive uncertainty estimates and can be decomposed physically, but both physics and machine…

Large computer models are ubiquitous in the earth sciences. These models often have tens or hundreds of tuneable parameters and can take thousands of core-hours to run to completion while generating terabytes of output. It is becoming…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-03-21 Duncan Watson-Parris , Andrew Williams , Lucia Deaconu , Philip Stier

Hybrid methods have been shown to outperform pure statistical and pure deep learning methods at both forecasting tasks, and at quantifying the uncertainty associated with those forecasts (prediction intervals). One example is Multivariate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Thabang Mathonsi , Terence L van Zyl

Traditional models of climate change use complex systems of coupled equations to simulate physical processes across the Earth system. These simulations are highly computationally expensive, limiting our predictions of climate change and…

Accurate and computationally-viable representations of clouds and turbulence are a long-standing challenge for climate model development. Traditional parameterizations that crudely but efficiently approximate these processes are a leading…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-01-05 Jerry Lin , Mohamed Aziz Bhouri , Tom Beucler , Sungduk Yu , Michael Pritchard