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Recent progress in text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models (DMs) has enabled high-quality visual synthesis from diverse textual prompts. Yet, most existing T2I DMs, even those equipped with large language model (LLM)-based text encoders,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Siqi Kou , Jiachun Jin , Zetong Zhou , Ye Ma , Yugang Wang , Quan Chen , Peng Jiang , Xiao Yang , Jun Zhu , Kai Yu , Zhijie Deng

Generating an image from a given text description has two goals: visual realism and semantic consistency. Although significant progress has been made in generating high-quality and visually realistic images using generative adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Tingting Qiao , Jing Zhang , Duanqing Xu , Dacheng Tao

One critical prerequisite for faithful text-to-image generation is the accurate understanding of text inputs. Existing methods leverage the text encoder of the CLIP model to represent input prompts. However, the pre-trained CLIP model can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Zhiyu Tan , Mengping Yang , Luozheng Qin , Hao Yang , Ye Qian , Qiang Zhou , Cheng Zhang , Hao Li

We study how well large language models (LLMs) explain their generations through rationales -- a set of tokens extracted from the input text that reflect the decision-making process of LLMs. Specifically, we systematically study rationales…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Mohsen Fayyaz , Fan Yin , Jiao Sun , Nanyun Peng

A picture is worth a thousand words, thus, it is crucial for conversational agents to understand, perceive, and effectively respond with pictures. However, we find that directly employing conventional image generation techniques is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Xiaowen Sun , Jiazhan Feng , Yuxuan Wang , Yuxuan Lai , Xingyu Shen , Dongyan Zhao

In this paper, we introduce Rank-R1, a novel LLM-based reranker that performs reasoning over both the user query and candidate documents before performing the ranking task. Existing document reranking methods based on large language models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Shengyao Zhuang , Xueguang Ma , Bevan Koopman , Jimmy Lin , Guido Zuccon

Text retrieval plays a crucial role in incorporating factual knowledge for decision making into language processing pipelines, ranging from chat-based web search to question answering systems. Current state-of-the-art text retrieval models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Ge Gao , Jonathan D. Chang , Claire Cardie , Kianté Brantley , Thorsten Joachim

How humans can effectively and efficiently acquire images has always been a perennial question. A classic solution is text-to-image retrieval from an existing database; however, the limited database typically lacks creativity. By contrast,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Leigang Qu , Haochuan Li , Tan Wang , Wenjie Wang , Yongqi Li , Liqiang Nie , Tat-Seng Chua

The powerful generative capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) has instigated a paradigm shift in recommendation. However, existing generative models (e.g., OneRec) operate as implicit predictors, critically lacking the capacity for…

Evaluating the quality of automatically generated image descriptions is a complex task that requires metrics capturing various dimensions, such as grammaticality, coverage, accuracy, and truthfulness. Although human evaluation provides…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Jia-Hong Huang , Hongyi Zhu , Yixian Shen , Stevan Rudinac , Evangelos Kanoulas

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP are trained via contrastive learning between text and image pairs, resulting in aligned image and text embeddings that are useful for many downstream tasks. A notable drawback of CLIP, however, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Dylan Sam , Devin Willmott , Joao D. Semedo , J. Zico Kolter

We present Imagen, a text-to-image diffusion model with an unprecedented degree of photorealism and a deep level of language understanding. Imagen builds on the power of large transformer language models in understanding text and hinges on…

Existing reasoning segmentation approaches typically fine-tune multimodal large language models (MLLMs) using image-text pairs and corresponding mask labels. However, they exhibit limited generalization to out-of-distribution scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Song Wang , Gongfan Fang , Lingdong Kong , Xiangtai Li , Jianyun Xu , Sheng Yang , Qiang Li , Jianke Zhu , Xinchao Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities and have been extensively deployed across various domains, including recommender systems. Prior research has employed specialized \textit{prompts} to leverage the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Sichun Luo , Bowei He , Haohan Zhao , Wei Shao , Yanlin Qi , Yinya Huang , Aojun Zhou , Yuxuan Yao , Zongpeng Li , Yuanzhang Xiao , Mingjie Zhan , Linqi Song

Image retrieval remains a fundamental yet challenging problem in computer vision. While recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities, existing methods typically employ them only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Shangrong Wu , Yanghong Zhou , Yang Chen , Feng Zhang , P. Y. Mok

We present a novel language-driven ordering alignment method for ordinal classification. The labels in ordinal classification contain additional ordering relations, making them prone to overfitting when relying solely on training data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Rui Wang , Peipei Li , Huaibo Huang , Chunshui Cao , Ran He , Zhaofeng He

Learning-to-rank techniques have proven to be extremely useful for prioritization problems, where we rank items in order of their estimated probabilities, and dedicate our limited resources to the top-ranked items. This work exposes a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-22 Cynthia Rudin , Yining Wang

Vision-language models like CLIP show impressive ability to align images and text, but their training on short, concise captions makes them struggle with lengthy, detailed descriptions. Recent advances mitigate this challenge by leveraging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chau Truong , Hieu Ta Quang , Dung D. Le

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in document re-ranking, a key component in modern Information Retrieval (IR) systems. However, existing LLM-based approaches face notable limitations, including ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Pinhuan Wang , Zhiqiu Xia , Chunhua Liao , Feiyi Wang , Hang Liu

Assessing higher-order thinking skills in large language models (LLMs) remains a fundamental challenge, especially in tasks that go beyond surface-level accuracy. In this work, we propose THiNK (Testing Higher-order Notion of Knowledge), a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yongan Yu , Mengqian Wu , Yiran Lin , Nikki G. Lobczowski