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We consider the well-known and important tasks of clone detection and information retrieval for source code. The most standard setup is to search clones inside the same language code snippets. But it is also useful to find code snippets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Anton Tikhonov , Nikita Sorokin , Dmitry Abulkhanov , Irina Piontkovskaya , Sergey Nikolenko , Valentin Malykh

Pre-trained models of code built on the transformer architecture have performed well on software engineering (SE) tasks such as predictive code generation, code summarization, among others. However, whether the vector representations from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Anjan Karmakar , Romain Robbes

The increasing adoption of AI-generated code has reshaped modern software development, introducing syntactic and semantic variations in cloned code. Unlike traditional human-written clones, AI-generated clones exhibit systematic syntactic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Ajmain Inqiad Alam , Palash Roy , Farouq Al-omari , Chanchal Roy , Banani Roy , Kevin Schneider

Software clone detection identifies similar code snippets. It has been an active research topic that attracts extensive attention over the last two decades. In recent years, machine learning (ML) based detectors, especially deep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Weiwei Zhang , Shengjian Guo , Hongyu Zhang , Yulei Sui , Yinxing Xue , Yun Xu

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software development has made distinguishing AI-generated code from human-written code a critical challenge with implications for academic integrity, code quality assurance, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Mahir Labib Dihan , Abir Muhtasim

Code clone detection is a fundamental task in software engineering that underpins refactoring, debugging, plagiarism detection, and vulnerability analysis. Existing methods often rely on singular representations such as abstract syntax…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Zixian Zhang , Takfarinas Saber

Data contamination is a known threat to the reliability of model evaluation. However, it remains underexplored in code large language models (LLMs), where contamination often goes beyond exact duplication. We present TRACER, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yifeng Di , Xuliang Huang , Tianyi Zhang

The occurrence of similar code, or `code clones', can make program code difficult to read, modify and maintain. This paper describes industrial case studies of clone detection and elimination using a refactoring and clone detection tool. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-04-03 Simon Thompson , Huiqing Li , Andreas Schumacher

Recent studies highlight various machine learning (ML)-based techniques for code clone detection, which can be integrated into developer tools such as static code analysis. With the advancements brought by ML in code understanding, ML-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Teeradaj Racharak , Chaiyong Ragkhitwetsagul , Chayanee Junplong , Akara Supratak

With the emergence of Machine Learning, there has been a surge in leveraging its capabilities for problem-solving across various domains. In the code clone realm, the identification of type-4 or semantic clones has emerged as a crucial yet…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Ajmain Inqiad Alam , Palash Ranjan Roy , Farouq Al-omari , Chanchal Kumar Roy , Banani Roy , Kevin Schneider

Distribution shift has been a longstanding challenge for the reliable deployment of deep learning (DL) models due to unexpected accuracy degradation. Although DL has been becoming a driving force for large-scale source code analysis in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Qiang Hu , Yuejun Guo , Xiaofei Xie , Maxime Cordy , Lei Ma , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

Code clones, referring to identical or similar code fragments, have long posed challenges in classical programming, impacting software quality, maintainability, and scalability. However, their presence and characteristics in quantum…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Kenta Manoku , Jianjun Zhao

This study explores the effectiveness of graph neural networks (GNNs) for vulnerability detection in software code, utilizing a real-world dataset of Java vulnerability-fixing commits. The dataset's structure, based on the number of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Ravil Mussabayev

Type-4 clones refer to a pair of code snippets with similar semantics but written in different syntax, which challenges the existing code clone detection techniques. Previous studies, however, highly rely on syntactic structures and textual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Zhipeng Xue , Zhijie Jiang , Chenlin Huang , Rulin Xu , Xiangbing Huang , Liumin Hu

While much of the current research in deep learning-based vulnerability detection relies on disassembled binaries, this paper explores the feasibility of extracting features directly from raw x86-64 machine code. Although assembly language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Mitchell Petingola

Deep learning models are widely used for solving challenging code processing tasks, such as code generation or code summarization. Traditionally, a specific model architecture was carefully built to solve a particular code processing task.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Sergey Troshin , Nadezhda Chirkova

Many recent models in software engineering introduced deep neural models based on the Transformer architecture or use transformer-based Pre-trained Language Models (PLM) trained on code. Although these models achieve the state of the arts…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Rishab Sharma , Fuxiang Chen , Fatemeh Fard , David Lo

The recent advancements in Transformer-based Language Models have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the multilingual capabilities of these models. The remarkable progress made in this domain not only applies to natural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Jonathan Katzy , Maliheh Izadi , Arie van Deursen

Deep Learning (DL) models to analyze source code have shown immense promise during the past few years. More recently, self-supervised pre-training has gained traction for learning generic code representations valuable for many downstream SE…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yangruibo Ding , Saikat Chakraborty , Luca Buratti , Saurabh Pujar , Alessandro Morari , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Recent advances in neural modeling for bug detection have been very promising. More specifically, using snippets of code to create continuous vectors or \textit{embeddings} has been shown to be very good at method name prediction and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Jón Arnar Briem , Jordi Smit , Hendrig Sellik , Pavel Rapoport