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With the success of Web applications, most of our data is now stored on various third-party servers where they are processed to deliver personalized services. Naturally we must be authenticated to access this personal information, but the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-08-31 Vincent Toubiana , Vincent Verdot

Browser fingerprinting is an invasive and opaque stateless tracking technique. Browser vendors, academics, and standards bodies have long struggled to provide meaningful protections against browser fingerprinting that are both accurate and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Umar Iqbal , Steven Englehardt , Zubair Shafiq

Today, targeted online advertising relies on unique identifiers assigned to users through third-party cookies--a practice at odds with user privacy. While the web and advertising communities have proposed solutions that we refer to as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Yohan Beugin , Patrick McDaniel

Third party advertising and tracking (A&T) are pervasive across the web, yet user exposure varies significantly with browser choice, browsing location, and hosting jurisdiction. We systematically study how these three factors shape tracking…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Tanya Prasad , Rut Vora , Soo Yee Lim , Nguyen Phong Hoang , Thomas Pasquier

India is experiencing intense political partisanship and sectarian divisions. The paper performs, to the best of our knowledge, the first comprehensive analysis on the Indian online news media with respect to tracking and partisanship. We…

Modern websites heavily rely on JavaScript (JS) to implement legitimate functionality as well as privacy-invasive advertising and tracking. Browser extensions such as NoScript block any script not loaded by a trusted list of endpoints, thus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Abdul Haddi Amjad , Zubair Shafiq , Muhammad Ali Gulzar

Tracking pixels are used to optimize online ad campaigns through personalization, re-targeting, and conversion tracking. Past research has primarily focused on detecting the prevalence of tracking pixels on the web, with limited attention…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Abdullah Ghani , Yash Vekaria , Zubair Shafiq

On the modern web, trackers and advertisers frequently construct and monetize users' detailed behavioral profiles without consent. Despite various studies on web tracking mechanisms and advertisements, there has been no rigorous study…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Zahra Moti , Asuman Senol , Hamid Bostani , Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius , Veelasha Moonsamy , Arunesh Mathur , Gunes Acar

A dominant regulatory model for web privacy is "notice and choice". In this model, users are notified of data collection and provided with options to control it. To examine the efficacy of this approach, this study presents the first…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Timothy Libert

We show how third-party web trackers can deanonymize users of cryptocurrencies. We present two distinct but complementary attacks. On most shopping websites, third party trackers receive information about user purchases for purposes of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-17 Steven Goldfeder , Harry Kalodner , Dillon Reisman , Arvind Narayanan

With the impending removal of third-party cookies from major browsers and the introduction of new privacy-preserving advertising APIs, the research community has a timely opportunity to assist industry in qualitatively improving the Web's…

Third party tracking allows companies to identify users and track their behaviour across multiple digital services. This paper presents an empirical study of the prevalence of third-party trackers on 959,000 apps from the US and UK Google…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-10-19 Reuben Binns , Ulrik Lyngs , Max Van Kleek , Jun Zhao , Timothy Libert , Nigel Shadbolt

Numerous surveys have shown that Web users are concerned about the loss of privacy associated with online tracking. Alarmingly, these surveys also reveal that people are also unaware of the amount of data sharing that occurs between ad…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Muhammad Ahmad Bashir , Sajjad Arshad , William Robertson , Christo Wilson

Throughout recent years, the importance of internet-privacy has continuously risen. [...] Browser fingerprinting is a technique that does not require cookies or persistent identifiers. It derives a sufficiently unique identifier from the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Sebastian Neef

Adblocking tools like Adblock Plus continue to rise in popularity, potentially threatening the dynamics of advertising revenue streams. In response, a number of publishers have ramped up efforts to develop and deploy mechanisms for…

Device fingerprinting is a widely used technique that allows a third party to identify a particular device. Applications of device fingerprinting include authentication, attacker identification, or software license binding. Device…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Alberto Fernandez-de-Retana , Igor Santos-Grueiro

Websites with hyper-partisan, left or right-leaning focus offer content that is typically biased towards the expectations of their target audience. Such content often polarizes users, who are repeatedly primed to specific (extreme) content,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Pushkal Agarwal , Sagar Joglekar , Panagiotis Papadopoulos , Nishanth Sastry , Nicolas Kourtellis

Despite stringent data protection regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and other country-specific regulations, many websites continue to use cookies to track user…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Nivedita Singh , Yejin Do , Yongsang Yu. Imane Fouad , Jungrae Kim , Hyoungshick Kim

Cookie banners, the pop ups that appear to collect your consent for data collection, are a tempting ground for dark patterns. Dark patterns are design elements that are used to influence the user's choice towards an option that is not in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Than Htut Soe , Cristiana Teixeira Santos , Marija Slavkovik

Cookie paywalls allow visitors of a website to access its content only after they make a choice between paying a fee or accept tracking. European Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) recently issued guidelines and decisions on paywalls…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Victor Morel , Cristiana Santos , Viktor Fredholm , Adam Thunberg