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The relationship of comments to code, and in particular, the task of generating useful comments given the code, has long been of interest. The earliest approaches have been based on strong syntactic theories of comment-structures, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-06 David Gros , Hariharan Sezhiyan , Prem Devanbu , Zhou Yu

AI-based code review tools automatically review and comment on pull requests to improve code quality. Despite their growing presence, little is known about their actual impact. We present a large-scale empirical study of 16 popular AI-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Kexin Sun , Hongyu Kuang , Sebastian Baltes , Xin Zhou , He Zhang , Xiaoxing Ma , Guoping Rong , Dong Shao , Christoph Treude

Academic publications have been evaluated in terms of their impact on research communities based on many metrics, such as the number of citations. On the other hand, the impact of academic publications on industry has been rarely studied.…

Large Language Models are essential coding assistants, yet their training is predominantly English-centric. In this study, we evaluate the performance of code language models in non-English contexts, identifying challenges in their adoption…

Code reviews are central for software quality assurance. Ideally, reviewers should explain their feedback to enable authors of code changes to understand the feedback and act accordingly. Different developers might need different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Ratnadira Widyasari , Ting Zhang , Abir Bouraffa , Walid Maalej , David Lo

Software development is a collaborative process that involves various interactions among individuals and teams. TODO comments in source code play a critical role in managing and coordinating diverse tasks during this process. However, this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Haoye Wang , Zhipeng Gao , Tingting Bi , John Grundy , Xinyu Wang , Minghui Wu , Xiaohu Yang

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has transformed research and practice across a wide range of domains. Within the computing education research (CER) domain, LLMs have garnered significant attention, particularly in the context…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Charles Koutcheme , Nicola Dainese , Arto Hellas , Sami Sarsa , Juho Leinonen , Syed Ashraf , Paul Denny

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various domains of artificial intelligence, including the realm of software engineering. In this research, we evaluate the efficacy of pre-trained LLMs in replicating the tasks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Tajmilur Rahman , Rahul Singh , Mir Yousuf Sultan

The use of large language models like ChatGPT in code review offers promising efficiency gains but also raises concerns about correctness and safety. Existing evaluation methods for code review generation either rely on automatic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Robert Heumüller , Frank Ortmeier

The programming skill is one crucial ability for Large Language Models (LLMs), necessitating a deep understanding of programming languages (PLs) and their correlation with natural languages (NLs). We examine the impact of pre-training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Demin Song , Honglin Guo , Yunhua Zhou , Shuhao Xing , Yudong Wang , Zifan Song , Wenwei Zhang , Qipeng Guo , Hang Yan , Xipeng Qiu , Dahua Lin

Question-and-answer platforms such as Stack Overflow are an important way for software developers to share and retrieve knowledge. However, reusing poorly understood code can lead to serious problems, such as bugs or security…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Kathrin Figl , Maria Kirchner , Sebastian Baltes , Michael Felderer

Code review is a crucial practice in software development. As code review nowadays is lightweight, various issues can be identified, and sometimes, they can be trivial. Research has investigated automated approaches to classify review…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Linh Nguyen , Chunhua Liu , Hong Yi Lin , Patanamon Thongtanunam

Code review is a vital but demanding aspect of software development, generating significant interest in automating review comments. Traditional evaluation methods for these comments, primarily based on text similarity, face two major…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Junyi Lu , Xiaojia Li , Zihan Hua , Lei Yu , Shiqi Cheng , Li Yang , Fengjun Zhang , Chun Zuo

Links are an essential feature of the World Wide Web, and source code repositories are no exception. However, despite their many undisputed benefits, links can suffer from decay, insufficient versioning, and lack of bidirectional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Hideaki Hata , Christoph Treude , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Takashi Ishio

User feedback is becoming an increasingly important source of information for requirements engineering, user interface design, and software engineering in general. Nowadays, user feedback is largely available and easily accessible in social…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Walid Maalej , Volodymyr Biryuk , Jialiang Wei , Fabian Panse

Pre-trained code models rely heavily on high-quality pre-training data, particularly human-written reference comments that bridge code and natural language. However, these comments often become outdated as software evolves, degrading model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Kang Yang , Xinjun Mao , Shangwen Wang , Yanlin Wang , Tanghaoran Zhang , Bo Lin , Yihao Qin , Zhang Zhang , Yao Lu , Kamal Al-Sabahi

We conduct a large-scale empirical user study in a live setup to evaluate the acceptance of LLM-generated comments and their impact on the review process. This user study was performed in two organizations, Mozilla (which has its codebase…

Natural language comments convey key aspects of source code such as implementation, usage, and pre- and post-conditions. Failure to update comments accordingly when the corresponding code is modified introduces inconsistencies, which is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Sheena Panthaplackel , Junyi Jessy Li , Milos Gligoric , Raymond J. Mooney

Code review is a mature practice for software quality assurance in software development with which reviewers check the code that has been committed by developers, and verify the quality of code. During the code review discussions, reviewers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Liming Fu , Peng Liang , Beiqi Zhang

Motivation: Code understandability is crucial in software development, as developers spend 58% to 70% of their time reading source code. Improving it can improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs. Problem: Experimental studies often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Delano Oliveira , Reydne Santos , Benedito de Oliveira , Martin Monperrus , Fernando Castor , Fernanda Madeiral