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Quantum error correction codes are usually designed to correct errors regardless of their physical origins. In large-scale devices, this is an essential feature. In smaller-scale devices, however, the main error sources are often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 David Layden , Louisa Ruixue Huang , Paola Cappellaro

A promising strategy to protect quantum information from noise-induced errors is to encode it into the low-energy states of a topological quantum memory device. However, readout errors from such memory under realistic settings is less…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-15 Weishun Zhong , Oles Shtanko , Ramis Movassagh

We design Snowflake, a quantum error correction decoder that, for the surface code under circuit-level noise, is roughly 25% more accurate than the Union-Find decoder, with a better mean runtime scaling: subquadratic as opposed to cubic in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Tim Chan

Practical applications of quantum computing depend on fault-tolerant devices with error correction. Today, the most promising approach is a class of error-correcting codes called surface codes. We study the problem of compiling quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Abtin Molavi , Amanda Xu , Swamit Tannu , Aws Albarghouthi

Powerful Quantum Error Correction Codes (QECCs) are required for stabilizing and protecting fragile qubits against the undesirable effects of quantum decoherence. Similar to classical codes, hashing bound approaching QECCs may be designed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-10 Zunaira Babar , Panagiotis Botsinis , Dimitrios Alanis , Soon Xin Ng , Lajos Hanzo

Quantum information is fragile and must be protected by a quantum error-correcting code for large-scale practical applications. Recently, highly efficient quantum codes have been discovered which require a high degree of spatial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Nouédyn Baspin , Dominic Williamson

Errors are inevitable during all kinds quantum informational tasks and quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) are powerful tools to fight various quantum noises. For standard QECCs physical systems have the same number of energy levels.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Zhuo Wang , Sixia Yu , Heng Fan , C. H. Oh

For a number of quantum channels of interest, phase-flip errors occur far more frequently than bit-flip errors. When transmitting across these asymmetric channels, the decoding error rate can be reduced by tailoring the code used to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-25 Alex Rigby , JC Olivier , Peter Jarvis

Fault-tolerant quantum computation critically depends on architectures uniting high encoding rates with physical implementability. Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes, including bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, achieve dramatic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Yingli Yang , Guo Zhang , Ying Li

Scaling quantum computing to practical applications necessitates reliable quantum error correction. Although numerous correction codes have been proposed, the overall correction efficiency critically limited by the decode algorithms. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Gengyuan Hu , Wanli Ouyang , Chao-Yang Lu , Chen Lin , Han-Sen Zhong

We propose and analyze a hierarchical quantum error correction (QEC) scheme that concatenates hypergraph product (HGP) codes with rotated surface codes, which is compatible with quantum computers with only nearest-neighbor interactions. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Junichi Haruna , Keisuke Fujii

Quantum computers have the potential to provide exponential speedups over their classical counterparts. Quantum principles are being applied to fields such as communications, information processing, and artificial intelligence to achieve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 Arijit Mondal , Keshab K. Parhi

Fault tolerance is a prerequisite for scalable quantum computing. Architectures based on 2D topological codes are effective for near-term implementations of fault tolerance. To obtain high performance with these architectures, we require a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-23 Ben Criger , Imran Ashraf

Standard approaches to quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computing are based on encoding a single logical qubit into many physical ones, resulting in asymptotically zero encoding rates and therefore huge resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-06 Hayato Goto

Quantum computers hold the potential to surpass classical computers in solving complex computational problems. However, the fragility of quantum information and the error-prone nature of quantum operations make building large-scale,…

Due to the high sensitivity of qubits to environmental noise, which leads to decoherence and information loss, active quantum error correction(QEC) is essential. Surface codes represent one of the most promising fault-tolerant QEC schemes,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Hao Wang , Erjia Xiao , Wenbo Mu , Songhuan He , Zhongyi Ni , Lingfeng Zhang , Xiaokun Zhan , Yifei Cui , Jinguo Liu , Cheng Wang , Zhongrui Wang , Renjing Xu

Quantum error correction is a set of methods to protect quantum information--that is, quantum states--from unwanted environmental interactions (decoherence) and other forms of noise. The information is stored in a quantum error-correcting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Todd A. Brun

Quantum error correction (QEC) enables reliable computation on noisy hardware by encoding logical information across many physical qubits and periodically measuring parities to detect errors. A decoder is the classical algorithm that uses…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Abtin Molavi , Feras Saad , Aws Albarghouthi

Quantum error correction is widely thought to be the key to fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, determining the most suited encoding for unknown error channels or specific laboratory setups is highly challenging. Here, we present a…

We present a semidefinite program optimization approach to quantum error correction that yields codes and recovery procedures that are robust against significant variations in the noise channel. Our approach allows us to optimize the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 R. L. Kosut , A. Shabani , D. A. Lidar