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Quantum error correction is an essential technique for constructing a scalable quantum computer. In order to implement quantum error correction with near-term quantum devices, a fast and near-optimal decoding method is demanded. A decoder…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-16 Amarsanaa Davaasuren , Yasunari Suzuki , Keisuke Fujii , Masato Koashi

Quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) can eliminate the negative effects of quantum noise, the major obstacle to the execution of quantum algorithms. However, realizing practical quantum error correction (QEC) requires resolving many…

The surface code is one of the most popular quantum error correction codes. It comes with efficient decoders, such as the Minimum Weight Perfect Matching (MWPM) decoder and the Union-Find (UF) decoder, allowing for fast quantum error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-28 Nicolas Delfosse , Adam Paetznick , Jeongwan Haah , Matthew B. Hastings

Scaling up quantum computers to attain substantial speedups over classical computing requires fault tolerance. Conventionally, protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computation demand excessive space overheads by using many physical qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Hayata Yamasaki , Masato Koashi

With the advent of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, practical quantum computing has seemingly come into reach. However, to go beyond proof-of-principle calculations, the current processing architectures will need to scale up…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-25 Kai Meinerz , Chae-Yeun Park , Simon Trebst

We present a method of concatenated quantum error correction in which improved classical processing is used with existing quantum codes and fault-tolerant circuits to more reliably correct errors. Rather than correcting each level of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-26 Zachary W. E. Evans , Ashley M. Stephens

Quantum error correction is a crucial technology for fault tolerant quantum computing. On superconducting platforms, hardware defects in large scale quantum processors can disrupt the regular lattice structure of topological codes and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Tian-Hao Wei , Jia-Xuan Zhang , Jia-Ning Li , Wei-Cheng Kong , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

Many current quantum error-correcting codes that achieve full fault tolerance suffer from having low ratios of logical to physical qubits and significant overhead. This makes them difficult to implement on current noisy intermediate-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Christopher Gerhard , Todd A. Brun

Quantum error correction (QEC) will be essential to achieve the accuracy needed for quantum computers to realise their full potential. The field has seen promising progress with demonstrations of early QEC and real-time decoded experiments.…

A successful quantum error correction protocol would allow quantum computers to run algorithms without suffering from the effects of noise. However, fully fault-tolerant quantum error correction is too resource intensive for existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-29 Chris N. Self , Marcello Benedetti , David Amaro

Lowering the resource overhead needed to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computation is crucial to building scalable quantum computers. We show that adapting conventional maximum likelihood (ML) decoders to a small subset of efficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Pavithran Iyer , Aditya Jain , Stephen D. Bartlett , Joseph Emerson

The essential insight of quantum error correction was that quantum information can be protected by suitably encoding this quantum information across multiple independently erred quantum systems. Recently it was realized that, since the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dave Bacon , Andrea Casaccino

The surface code is a powerful quantum error correcting code that can be defined on a 2-D square lattice of qubits with only nearest neighbor interactions. Syndrome and data qubits form a checkerboard pattern. Information about errors is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-24 Austin G. Fowler , David S. Wang , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

flip is an extremely simple and maximally local classical decoder which has been used to great effect in certain classes of classical codes. When applied to quantum codes there exist constant-weight errors (such as half of a stabiliser)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-30 T. R. Scruby , K. Nemoto

We demonstrate that the performance of quantum error correction can be improved with noise-aware decoders that are calibrated to the likelihood of physical error configurations in a device. We show that noise-aware decoding increases the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Evan T. Hockings , Andrew C. Doherty , Robin Harper

Quantum error correction plays an important role in fault-tolerant quantum information processing. It is usually difficult to experimentally realize quantum error correction, as it requires multiple qubits and quantum gates with high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-10 Qihao Guo , Yuan-Yuan Zhao , Markus Grassl , Xinfang Nie , Guo-Yong Xiang , Tao Xin , Zhang-Qi Yin , Bei Zeng

Proposals for quantum computing devices are many and varied. They each have unique noise processes that make none of them fully reliable at this time. There are several error correction/avoidance techniques which are valuable for reducing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Mark S. Byrd , Daniel A. Lidar

One of the most promising routes towards fault-tolerant quantum computation utilizes topological quantum error correcting codes, such as the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ surface code. Logical qubits can be encoded in a variety of ways in the surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-11 Ali Lavasani , Maissam Barkeshli

Post-selection strategies that discard low-confidence computational results can significantly improve the effective fidelity of quantum error correction at the cost of reduced acceptance rates, which can be particularly useful for offline…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Seok-Hyung Lee , Lucas H. English , Stephen D. Bartlett

Surface codes are among the best candidates to ensure the fault-tolerance of a quantum computer. In order to avoid the accumulation of errors during a computation, it is crucial to have at our disposal a fast decoding algorithm to quickly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-15 Nicolas Delfosse , Gilles Zémor
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