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We formulate multiparameter quantum estimation in the parametric and semiparametric setting. While the Holevo Cram\'er-Rao bound (CRB) requires no substantial modifications in moving from the former to the latter, we generalize the Helstrom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-10 Francesco Albarelli , Mankei Tsang , Animesh Datta

Quantum measurement plays a crucial role in quantum metrology. Due to the limitations of experimental capabilities, collectively measuring multiple copies of probing systems can present significant challenges. Therefore, the concept of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-24 Jia-Xuan Liu , Jing Yang , Hai-Long Shi , Sixia Yu

We consider the problem of estimating the state of a large but finite number $N$ of identical quantum systems. In the limit of large $N$ the problem simplifies. In particular the only relevant measure of the quality of the estimation is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 R. D. Gill , S. Massar

In quantum metrology, the Holevo Cram\'er-Rao bound has attracted renewed interest in recent years due to its superiority over the Helstrom Cram\'er-Rao bound and its asymptotic attainability for multi-parameter estimation. Its evaluation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-01 Mankei Tsang

Multiparameter quantum metrology plays a fundamental role in uncovering and exploiting the distinctive features of quantum systems. In this work, we propose an effective and experimentally feasible scheme to significantly enhance the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Adnan Naimy , Abdallah Slaoui , Abderrahim Lakhfif , Rachid Ahl Laamara

The uniformly accelerated Unruh-DeWitt detector serves as a fundamental model in relativistic quantum metrology. While previous studies have mainly concentrated on single-parameter estimation via quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 Shoukang Chang , Yashu Yang , Wei Ye , Yawen Tang , Hui Cao , Huan Zhang , Zunlue Zhu , Shaoming Fei , Xingdong Zhao

This is a tutorial aimed at illustrating some recent developments in quantum parameter estimation beyond the Cram\`er-Rao bound, as well as their applications in quantum metrology. Our starting point is the observation that there are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-06 Luigi Seveso , Matteo G. A. Paris

We discuss a problem of parameter estimation for quantum two-level system, qubit system, in presence of unknown phase parameter. We analyze trade-off relations for mean-square errors when estimating relevant parameters with separable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-29 Jun Suzuki

This work compares the performance of single and two qubit probes for estimating several phase rotations simultaneously under the action of different noisy channels. We compute the quantum limits for this simultaneous estimation using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-01 Lorcan. O. Conlon , Ping Koy Lam , Syed. M. Assad

We discuss the Heisenberg limit in the multiparameter metrology within two different paradigms -- the one, where the measurement is repeated many times (so the Cram\'er-Rao bound is guaranteed to be asymptotically saturable) and the second…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-16 Wojciech Górecki , Rafał Demkowicz-Dobrzański

In quantum metrology, one of the major applications of quantum technologies, the ultimate precision of estimating an unknown parameter is often stated in terms of the Cram\'er-Rao bound. Yet, the latter is no longer guaranteed to carry an…

Optimal measurements for quantum multiparameter estimation are complicated by the uncertainty principle. Generally, there is a trade-off between the precision with which different parameters can be simultaneously estimated. The task of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Simon K. Yung , C. M. Yung , Lorcán O. Conlon , Syed M. Assad

High-precision sensors that exploit uniquely quantum phenomena have been shown to surpass the standard quantum limit of measurement precision. However, in the general scenario where multiple parameters are simultaneously encoded in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Berihu Teklu , Victor Montenegro

We present a new proof of the quantum Cramer-Rao bound for precision parameter estimation [1-3] and extend it to a more general class of measurement procedures. We analyze a generalized framework for parameter estimation that covers most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-28 Garry Goldstein , Mikhail D. Lukin , Paola Cappellaro

The optimal quantum measurements for estimating different unknown parameters in a parameterized quantum state are usually incompatible with each other. Traditional approaches to addressing the measurement incompatibility issue, such as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Sisi Zhou , Senrui Chen

In multiparameter quantum metrology, the ultimate precision of joint estimation is dictated by the Holevo Cram\'er-Rao bound. In this paper, we discuss and analyze in detail an alternative approach: the stepwise estimation strategy. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Gabriele Fazio , Jiayu He , Matteo G. A. Paris

We study the role of probe dimension in determining the bounds of precision and the level of incompatibility in multi-parameter quantum estimation problems. In particular, we focus on the paradigmatic case of unitary encoding generated by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-13 Alessandro Candeloro , Zahra Pazhotan , Matteo G. A. Paris

The quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound is a cornerstone of modern quantum metrology, as it provides the ultimate precision in parameter estimation. In the multiparameter scenario, this bound becomes a matrix inequality, which can be cast to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Aaron Z. Goldberg , Luis L. Sánchez-Soto , Hugo Ferretti

The major problem of multiparameter quantum estimation theory is to find an ultimate measurement scheme to go beyond the standard quantum limits that each quasi-classical estimation measurement is limited by. Although, in some specifics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-21 Bakmou Lahcen , Daoud Mohammed

In multi-parameter quantum metrology, the resource of entanglement can lead to an increase in efficiency of the estimation process. Entanglement can be used in the state preparation stage, or the measurement stage, or both, to harness this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Aritra Das , Lorcán O. Conlon , Jun Suzuki , Simon K. Yung , Ping K. Lam , Syed M. Assad