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The creativity of diffusion models refers to their ability to generate highly realistic images that are different from their training data. Creativity is somewhat surprising since it is known that if the denoiser used in the diffusion model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Itamar Levine , Yair Weiss

Diffusion models represent a class of generative models that produce data by denoising a sample corrupted by white noise. Despite the success of diffusion models in computer vision, audio synthesis, and point cloud generation, so far they…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-01-17 Kanta Masuki , Yuto Ashida

Denoising diffusion models, a class of generative models, have garnered immense interest lately in various deep-learning problems. A diffusion probabilistic model defines a forward diffusion stage where the input data is gradually perturbed…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-06 Amirhossein Kazerouni , Ehsan Khodapanah Aghdam , Moein Heidari , Reza Azad , Mohsen Fayyaz , Ilker Hacihaliloglu , Dorit Merhof

Diffusion models are a popular class of generative models trained to reverse a noising process starting from a target data distribution. Training a diffusion model consists of learning how to denoise noisy samples at different noise levels.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ameya Daigavane , YuQing Xie , Bodhi P. Vani , Saeed Saremi , Joseph Kleinhenz , Tess Smidt

Diffusion models have become the de facto framework for generating new datasets. The core of these models lies in the ability to reverse a diffusion process in time. The goal of this manuscript is to explain, from a PDE perspective, how…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-29 Fei Cao , Kimball Johnston , Thomas Laurent , Justin Le , Sébastien Motsch

We present an estimate of the Wasserstein distance between the data distribution and the generation of score-based generative models. The sampling complexity with respect to dimension is $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{d})$, with a logarithmic constant.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Xixian Wang , Zhongjian Wang

Generative models such as denoising diffusion models are quickly advancing their ability to approximate highly complex data distributions. They are also increasingly leveraged in scientific machine learning, where samples from the implied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Jan-Hendrik Bastek , WaiChing Sun , Dennis M. Kochmann

Generative diffusion models showed high success in many fields with a powerful theoretical background. They convert the data distribution to noise and remove the noise back to obtain a similar distribution. Many existing reviews focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Melike Nur Yeğin , Mehmet Fatih Amasyalı

We study the reknown deconvolution problem of recovering a distribution function from independent replicates (signal) additively contaminated with random errors (noise), whose distribution is known. We investigate whether a Bayesian…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-15 Judith Rousseau , Catia Scricciolo

Recently, research on denoising diffusion models has expanded its application to the field of image restoration. Traditional diffusion-based image restoration methods utilize degraded images as conditional input to effectively guide the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Zhenning Shi , Haoshuai Zheng , Chen Xu , Changsheng Dong , Bin Pan , Xueshuo Xie , Along He , Tao Li , Huazhu Fu

We study the efficacy and efficiency of deep generative networks for approximating probability distributions. We prove that neural networks can transform a low-dimensional source distribution to a distribution that is arbitrarily close to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Yunfei Yang , Zhen Li , Yang Wang

Denosing diffusion model, as a generative model, has received a lot of attention in the field of image generation recently, thanks to its powerful generation capability. However, diffusion models have not yet received sufficient research in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 ZiHan Cao , ShiQi Cao , Xiao Wu , JunMing Hou , Ran Ran , Liang-Jian Deng

Diffusion models have become fundamental tools for modeling data distributions in machine learning. Despite their success, these models face challenges when generating data with extreme brightness values, as evidenced by limitations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-10 Takuro Kutsuna

Diffusion models generate high-quality synthetic data. They operate by defining a continuous-time forward process which gradually adds Gaussian noise to data until fully corrupted. The corresponding reverse process progressively "denoises"…

Score-based diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable empirical success in learning high-dimensional distributions, particularly those exhibiting low-dimensional and multi-modal structures. However, theoretical understanding of their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Jingda Wu , Changxiao Cai

Diffusion generative models transform noise into data by inverting a process that progressively adds noise to data samples. Inspired by concepts from the renormalization group in physics, which analyzes systems across different scales, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Mathis Gerdes , Max Welling , Miranda C. N. Cheng

Diffusion models, though originally designed for generative tasks, have demonstrated impressive self-supervised representation learning capabilities. A particularly intriguing phenomenon in these models is the emergence of unimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xiao Li , Zekai Zhang , Xiang Li , Siyi Chen , Zhihui Zhu , Peng Wang , Qing Qu

In this work, we look at Score-based generative models (also called diffusion generative models) from a geometric perspective. From a new view point, we prove that both the forward and backward process of adding noise and generating from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Sandesh Ghimire , Jinyang Liu , Armand Comas , Davin Hill , Aria Masoomi , Octavia Camps , Jennifer Dy

Score-based diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools in generative modeling, yet their theoretical foundations remain underexplored. In this work, we focus on the Wasserstein convergence analysis of score-based diffusion models.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-10 Yifeng Yu , Lu Yu

Diffusion and flow-based models have enabled significant progress in generation tasks across various modalities and have recently found applications in predictive learning. However, unlike typical generation tasks that encourage sample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yu Zhang , Xingzhuo Guo , Haoran Xu , Jialong Wu , Mingsheng Long