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As a class of generative artificial intelligence frameworks inspired by statistical physics, diffusion models have shown extraordinary performance in synthesizing complicated data distributions through a denoising process gradually guided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Fangjun Hu , Guangkuo Liu , Yifan F. Zhang , Xun Gao

We derive a minimalist but powerful deterministic denoising-diffusion model. While denoising diffusion has shown great success in many domains, its underlying theory remains largely inaccessible to non-expert users. Indeed, an understanding…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Eric Heitz , Laurent Belcour , Thomas Chambon

Diffusion models generalize well in practice. However, an optimal diffusion model fully memorizes the training data and therefore fails to generalize, raising the question of what induces generalization in a real diffusion model. We show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Tim Kaiser , Markus Kollmann

Diffusion models, which convert noise into new data instances by learning to reverse a diffusion process, have become a cornerstone in contemporary generative modeling. In this work, we develop non-asymptotic convergence theory for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Gen Li , Yuting Wei , Yuejie Chi , Yuxin Chen

With the success of image generation, generative diffusion models are increasingly adopted for discriminative tasks, as pixel generation provides a unified perception interface. However, directly repurposing the generative denoising process…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Ziqi Pang , Xin Xu , Yu-Xiong Wang

We provide an overview of the diffusion model as a method to generate new samples. Generative models have been recently adopted for tasks such as art generation (Stable Diffusion, Dall-E) and text generation (ChatGPT). Diffusion models in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-13 Justin Le

Diffusion models have made rapid progress in generating high-quality samples across various domains. However, a theoretical understanding of the Lipschitz continuity and second momentum properties of the diffusion process is still lacking.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yingyu Liang , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Yufa Zhou

Diffusion models have emerged as a dominant framework for generative modeling, but their mathematical foundations are often presented separately through diffusion probabilistic models, score-based modeling, stochastic differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jiayi Fu , Yuxia Wang

Score-based generative models are shown to achieve remarkable empirical performances in various applications such as image generation and audio synthesis. However, a theoretical understanding of score-based diffusion models is still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Dohyun Kwon , Ying Fan , Kangwook Lee

Denoising diffusion models have proven to be a flexible and effective paradigm for generative modelling. Their recent extension to infinite dimensional Euclidean spaces has allowed for the modelling of stochastic processes. However, many…

Deep generative models have garnered significant attention in low-level vision tasks due to their generative capabilities. Among them, diffusion model-based solutions, characterized by a forward diffusion process and a reverse denoising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Chunming He , Yuqi Shen , Chengyu Fang , Fengyang Xiao , Longxiang Tang , Yulun Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo , Zhenhua Guo , Xiu Li

Recent diffusion models have achieved promising performances in audio-denoising tasks. The unique property of the reverse process could recover clean signals. However, the distribution of real-world noises does not comply with a single…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Pu Wang , Junhui Li , Jialu Li , Liangdong Guo , Youshan Zhang

Score-based diffusion models are a highly effective method for generating samples from a distribution of images. We consider scenarios where the training data comes from a noisy version of the target distribution, and present an efficiently…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-30 Dennis Elbrächter , Giovanni S. Alberti , Matteo Santacesaria

The scope of this paper is generative modeling through diffusion processes. An approach falling within this paradigm is the work of Song et al. (2021), which relies on a time-reversal argument to construct a diffusion process targeting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Stefano Peluchetti

Diffusion or score-based models recently showed high performance in image generation. They rely on a forward and a backward stochastic differential equations (SDE). The sampling of a data distribution is achieved by numerically solving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Emile Pierret , Bruno Galerne

Denoising diffusion models have spurred significant gains in density modeling and image generation, precipitating an industrial revolution in text-guided AI art generation. We introduce a new mathematical foundation for diffusion models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Xianghao Kong , Rob Brekelmans , Greg Ver Steeg

Because diffusion models have shown impressive performances in a number of tasks, such as image synthesis, there is a trend in recent works to prove (with certain assumptions) that these models have strong approximation capabilities. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Yangming Li , Boris van Breugel , Mihaela van der Schaar

Diffusion models are commonly interpreted as learning the score function, i.e., the gradient of the log-density of noisy data. However, this assumption implies that the target of learning is a conservative vector field, which is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 An B. Vuong , Michael T. McCann , Javier E. Santos , Yen Ting Lin

Denoising diffusion models are a powerful type of generative models used to capture complex distributions of real-world signals. However, their applicability is limited to scenarios where training samples are readily available, which is not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Ayush Tewari , Tianwei Yin , George Cazenavette , Semon Rezchikov , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Frédo Durand , William T. Freeman , Vincent Sitzmann

Denoising Diffusion models are gaining increasing popularity in the field of generative modeling for several reasons, including the simple and stable training, the excellent generative quality, and the solid probabilistic foundation. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Andrea Asperti , Davide Evangelista , Samuele Marro , Fabio Merizzi