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The progress of artificial intelligence (AI) has made sophisticated methods available for cyberattacks and red team activities. These AI attacks can automate the process of penetrating a target or collecting sensitive data. The new methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Mays Al-Azzawi , Dung Doan , Tuomo Sipola , Jari Hautamäki , Tero Kokkonen

High-level natural language knowledge in CTI reports, such as the ATT&CK framework, is beneficial to counter APT attacks. However, how to automatically apply the high-level knowledge in CTI reports in realistic attack detection systems,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yuhan Meng , Shaofei Li , Jiaping Gui , Peng Jiang , Ding Li

Computer users are generally faced with difficulties in making correct security decisions. While an increasingly fewer number of people are trying or willing to take formal security training, online sources including news, security blogs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Tingmin Wu , Wanlun Ma , Sheng Wen , Xin Xia , Cecile Paris , Surya Nepal , Yang Xiang

Understanding the risks associated with an enterprise environment is the first step toward improving its security. Organizations employ various methods to assess and prioritize the risks identified in cyber threat intelligence (CTI) reports…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 David Tayouri , Elad Duani , Abed Showgan , Ofir Manor , Ortal Lavi , Igor Podoski , Miro Ohana , Yuval Elovici , Andres Murillo , Asaf Shabtai , Rami Puzis

We consider the case where an adversary is conducting a surveillance campaign against a networked control system (NCS), and take the perspective of a defender/control system operator who has successfully isolated the cyber intruder. To…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-21 Travis Cuvelier , Sean Ha , Maretta Morovitz

Ability to effectively investigate indicators of compromise and associated network resources involved in cyber attacks is paramount not only to identify affected network resources but also to detect related malicious resources. Today, most…

In the dynamic realm of cybersecurity, awareness training is crucial for strengthening defenses against cyber threats. This survey examines a spectrum of cybersecurity awareness training methods, analyzing traditional, technology-based, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Saif Al-Dean Qawasmeh , Ali Abdullah S. AlQahtani , Muhammad Khurram Khan

Since the term "Cyber threat hunting" was introduced in 2016, there have been a rising trend of proactive defensive measure to create more cyber security. This research will look into peer reviewed literature on the subject of cyber threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Zichen Wang

The black-box nature of artificial intelligence (AI) models has been the source of many concerns in their use for critical applications. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a rapidly growing research field that aims to create…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Gaith Rjoub , Jamal Bentahar , Omar Abdel Wahab , Rabeb Mizouni , Alyssa Song , Robin Cohen , Hadi Otrok , Azzam Mourad

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) encoded in STIX and structured according to the MITRE ATT&CK framework has become a global reference for describing adversary behavior. However, ATT&CK was designed as a descriptive knowledge base rather than…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ágney Lopes Roth Ferraz , Sidnei Barbieri , Murray Evangelista de Souza , Lourenço Alves Pereira Júnior

System logs represent a valuable source of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI), capturing attacker behaviors, exploited vulnerabilities, and traces of malicious activity. Yet their utility is often limited by lack of structure, semantic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Luca Cotti , Idilio Drago , Anisa Rula , Devis Bianchini , Federico Cerutti

Insider threats are one of the most damaging risk factors for the IT systems and infrastructure of a company or an organization; identification of insider threats has prompted the interest of the world academic research community, with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Vasileios Koutsouvelis , Stavros Shiaeles , Bogdan Ghita , Gueltoum Bendiab

The workshop will focus on the application of AI to problems in cyber security. Cyber systems generate large volumes of data, utilizing this effectively is beyond human capabilities. Additionally, adversaries continue to develop new…

This position paper explores the broad landscape of AI potentiality in the context of cybersecurity, with a particular emphasis on its possible risk factors with awareness, which can be managed by incorporating human experts in the loop,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Iqbal H. Sarker , Helge Janicke , Nazeeruddin Mohammad , Paul Watters , Surya Nepal

This paper presents a multidisciplinary approach to analyzing data from Telegram for early warning information regarding cyber threats. With the proliferation of hacktivist groups utilizing Telegram to disseminate information regarding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Velizar Varbanov , Kalin Kopanov , Tatiana Atanasova

Threat hunting analyzes large, noisy, high-dimensional data to find sparse adversarial behavior. We believe adversarial activities, however they are disguised, are extremely difficult to completely obscure in high dimensional space. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Alaric Hartsock , Luiz Manella Pereira , Glenn Fink

This study examines how Artificial Intelligence can aid in identifying and mitigating cyber threats in the U.S. across four key areas: intrusion detection, malware classification, phishing detection, and insider threat analysis. Each of…

As new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) are integrated into Critical National Infrastructures (CNI), new cybersecurity threats emerge that require specific security solutions. Approaches used for analysis include the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Uchenna D Ani , Jeremy D McK. Watson , Jason R. C. Nurse , Al Cook , Carsten Maple

Information Security in the cyber world is a major cause for concern, with a significant increase in the number of attack surfaces. Existing information on vulnerabilities, attacks, controls, and advisories available on the web provides an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Lalit Mohan Sanagavarapu , Vivek Iyer , Raghu Reddy

Extracting entities and relations for types of interest from text is important for understanding massive text corpora. Traditionally, systems of entity relation extraction have relied on human-annotated corpora for training and adopted an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Xiang Ren , Zeqiu Wu , Wenqi He , Meng Qu , Clare R. Voss , Heng Ji , Tarek F. Abdelzaher , Jiawei Han